Human Anatomy Week 10 - Axilla (Transcripts)

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What defines the medial wall of the axilla?

The anterior wall consisting of the pectoralis major
The skin of the armpit
The first to fourth ribs with the serratus anterior (correct)
The intertubercular groove of the humerus

What structure primarily forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

The clavicle
The teres major muscle
The pectoralis major muscle (correct)
The subscapularis muscle

Which statement accurately describes the shape and positioning of the axilla?

It is a pyramid-shaped space between the upper arm and the trunk. (correct)
It is a cylindrical space above the upper trunk.
It is a rectangular area beneath the first rib.
It is a spherical cavity located posterior to the scapula.

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

The intertubercular groove of the humerus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which rib marks the level at which the base of the axilla is located?

Fourth rib (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fat in the axillary region?

It provides insulation and protection for neurovascular structures. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as a boundary for the three parts of the axillary artery?

Pectoralis minor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the progression of the axillary artery?

It starts at the outer border of the first rib and changes to the brachial artery at the border of teres major. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary neurovascular structures present in the axillary region?

Axillary artery, axillary vein, and branches of the brachial plexus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What marks the transition from the axillary artery to the brachial artery?

The lateral margin of teres major (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery provides blood supply to the first intercostal space?

Supreme Thoracic Artery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the branches from the thoracoacromial trunk?

Acromial, Clavicular, Deltoid, Pectoral (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries come off the subclavian artery to supply the scapula?

Suprascapular and Transverse Cervical (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does the axillary artery become after passing the border of teres major?

Brachial Artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circumflex humeral arteries?

To encircle the humerus and provide collateral circulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary artery that runs down the medial arm between the biceps and triceps?

Brachial artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches off from the subclavian artery and provides blood supply to the scapula?

Suprascapular artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the profunda brachial artery in relation to the brachial artery?

It supplies blood to the humerus without crossing the elbow. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which superficial vein runs up the medial arm and ultimately joins the brachial vein?

Basilic vein (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the axillary region, which area is known to contain numerous lymph nodes playing a crucial role in the immune system?

Pectoral lymph node area (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for monitoring the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients?

They often serve as a site for metastasis from breast cancer. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to lymphatic drainage in the upper extremity if the axillary lymph nodes are removed during surgery?

It can be impaired, potentially leading to complications like lymphedema. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence accurately describes the organization of the brachial plexus components?

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the posterior, lateral, and medial cords in the brachial plexus?

They are named based on their positions relative to the axillary artery. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve roots predominantly contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?

C5, 6, and 7. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which two nerves merge from the C4 and C5 roots before forming the dorsal scapular nerve?

Dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the long thoracic nerve?

Innervates serratus anterior muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following trunks does not have any nerves branching off before forming divisions?

Both B and C (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily innervated by the suprascapular nerve?

Supraspinatus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the long thoracic nerve during surgical procedures?

It is prone to damage during shoulder surgeries due to its location. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Axilla Boundaries

The axilla, or armpit, is a pyramid-shaped space bordered by the clavicle (front), scapula (back), first rib, and fourth rib (base).

Axilla Base

The base of the axilla is formed by the fascia, soft tissue, and skin, at the level of the fourth rib.

Axilla Lateral Wall

The lateral wall of the axilla is primarily the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Axilla Medial Wall

The medial wall of the axilla is formed by the thoracic wall from the first rib to the fourth rib, with the serratus anterior muscle.