Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the axial skeleton?
What is the axial skeleton?
Bones along the central axis of the body
Which of the following are components of the axial skeleton? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are components of the axial skeleton? (Select all that apply)
The skull consists of 37-38 separate bones.
The skull consists of 37-38 separate bones.
True
Which bone is the only one connected to the skull by a freely movable joint?
Which bone is the only one connected to the skull by a freely movable joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the tiny bones in the middle ear called?
What are the tiny bones in the middle ear called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cochlea?
What is the function of the cochlea?
Signup and view all the answers
What bone forms the caudoventral portion of the skull?
What bone forms the caudoventral portion of the skull?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the foramen magnum located?
Where is the foramen magnum located?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bone is known for forming the forehead region of the skull?
Which bone is known for forming the forehead region of the skull?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the sphenoid bone?
What is the significance of the sphenoid bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about the nasal bones?
Which of the following is true about the nasal bones?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Axial Skeleton
- Consists of bones located along the central axis of the body
- Includes: skull, hyoid bone, spinal column, ribs, sternum
Skull
- The most complex part of the skeleton
- Consists of 37-38 separate bones
- Bones are united by immobile joints called sutures
- Mandible (lower jaw) is the only bone connected by a movable synovial joint
Bones of the Cranium
- External bones: occipital, interparietal, parietal, temporal, frontal
- Internal bones: sphenoid, ethmoid
Bones of the Face
- External bones (landmarks): incisive, nasal, maxillary, lacrimal, zygomatic, mandible
- Internal bones (hidden): palatine, pterygoid, vomer, turbinates
Bones of the Ear
- Contain three tiny, but important bones known as ossicles: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
- Located in the middle ear
- Their function is to transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the cochlea in the inner ear
- Vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by receptor cells in the cochlea, which the brain interprets as sound
Occipital Bone
- Single bone that forms the base of the skull
- It is where the spinal cord exits the skull
- It articulates with the first cervical vertebra
- Foramen magnum: opening on the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
- Occipital condyles: located laterally to the foramen magnum and articulate with the atlas (first cervical vertebra) forming the atlantooccipital joint
Interparietal Bones
- Two small bones located on the midline dorsal to the occipital bone and between the parietal bones
- Clearly visible in young animals
- May fuse together and/or fuse to the parietal bone in older animals
Parietal Bones
- Form the dorsolateral walls of the cranium
- Large and well-developed in dogs, cats, and humans
- Relatively small in horses and cattle
Temporal Bone
- Two temporal bones, located ventral to the parietal bones
- Form the lateral walls of the cranium
- Contain the middle and inner ear structures
- Form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the mandible
- Ear structures housed within the temporal bones are not visible from the outside
- Only visible ear structure is the external acoustic meatus (a bony canal connecting to the middle and inner ear)
Frontal Bone
- Forms the forehead region of the skull
- Rostral to the parietal bones
- Forms the rostrolateral portion of the cranium and a portion of the orbit
- Contains the frontal sinus (a large paranasal sinus)
- Cornual process: found in horned cattle breeds; is the core around which the developing horn grows; removed during dehorning
Sphenoid Bone
- Located in the ventral portion of the cranium
- Rostral to the occipital bone
- Resembles a flying bat when isolated from the skull
- Contains the pituitary fossa which houses the pituitary gland
- Contains a sinus called the sphenoidal sinus
Ethmoid Bone
- Single bone located rostral to the sphenoid bone
- Has a sievelike structure called the cribriform plate through which many olfactory nerves pass from the nasal cavity to the brain
- In horses and humans, there is a small paranasal sinus called the ethmoid sinus in the ethmoid bone
Incisive Bones
- Also known as premaxillary bones
- Two of them
- Most rostral bones
- Present in all common domestic animals except ruminants
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the components of the axial skeleton, including the skull and its intricate bone structure. The quiz covers external and internal bones of the cranium and face, as well as the unique ossicles in the ear. Test your knowledge on the key elements that support the human body.
