AWS Scaling Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What primary benefit is associated with using AWS Systems Manager?

Replacing all manual processes

Enhanced physical security measures

Automating operational tasks (correct)

Reducing the need for cloud resources

In which environments does AWS Systems Manager operate?

Only in private cloud networks

Only on-premises environments

Only in public cloud environments

Both cloud and on-premises environments (correct)

Which feature of AWS Systems Manager aids in compliance management?

Global content distribution

Backup and recovery functionalities

Basic and advanced parameter store (correct)

Real-time data analytics

What is a common operational task that can be automated with AWS Systems Manager?

Incident management Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of access does AWS Systems Manager improve?

Remote access without bastion hosts Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Amazon S3?

It allows for object sizes up to 5 TB. Signup and view all the answers

What feature makes Amazon S3 suitable for static assets?

It provides infinite scalability. Signup and view all the answers

What does encryption at rest and in transit in Amazon S3 ensure?

Data is secure while stored and during transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use case for Amazon RDS in the provided architecture?

Managing dynamic web applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which component supports load balancing in the given architecture?

Amazon Route 53 Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily improved by using Amazon CloudFront for dynamic content delivery?

Response time Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is a crucial benefit of utilizing a CDN like Amazon CloudFront?

Reduced response time Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a CDN on server load when delivering static content?

It minimizes server load Signup and view all the answers

In terms of content types, which types can Amazon CloudFront handle?

Both static and dynamic content Signup and view all the answers

Why might a company choose to implement a CDN for their content delivery?

To improve content accessibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of a single instance setup as noted in the content?

No failover Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation associated with individual components in a single instance architecture?

Difficulty in independent scaling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about AWS database options is correct?

Amazon RDS offers fully managed database services. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'no redundancy' imply in a single instance infrastructure?

There is a higher risk of downtime. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a single instance environment, how does 'too many eggs in one basket' manifest?

Failure of a single instance can lead to total service interruption. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following AWS services is categorized as a self-managed database option?

Amazon EC2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of an Elastic IP address allow in a single instance architecture?

Static IP address that remains the same. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Amazon Aurora database?

It is a fully managed relational database service. Signup and view all the answers

What does a typical read/write ratio of 30:70 indicate?

More writes compared to reads. Signup and view all the answers

In a system with a read/write ratio of 30:70, what percentage represents the read operations?

30% Signup and view all the answers

Which component is likely involved in managing high read traffic?

Read replicas Signup and view all the answers

Considering the typical architecture, which element primarily handles the write operations?

Primary instance Signup and view all the answers

What role does the load balancer play in a read/write architecture?

It distributes requests across multiple instances. Signup and view all the answers

In an architecture with several Amazon RDS read replicas, what is a potential benefit?

Efficient handling of read operations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely impact of a 30:70 read/write ratio on system design?

More resources allocated to read replicas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Amazon RDS in the described architecture?

To serve as a primary repository for write transactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of database is characterized by strong schema constraints?

Relational database Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of non-relational databases?

More data modeling freedom Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a NoSQL database be most beneficial?

For applications with sub-millisecond latency requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a relational database?

Purpose-built for specific applications Signup and view all the answers

Which type of database would typically be faster for specific workloads?

Non-relational database Signup and view all the answers

What kind of data is suitable for non-relational databases?

Graph and geo-spatial data Signup and view all the answers

What might deter someone from using a non-relational database?

Requirement for maintaining a data schema Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose is a relational database typically less effective?

Handling terabytes of data Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scaling on AWS

The presentation focuses on scaling up to 10 million users on AWS.
The presenter, Giulio Lannazzo, is a Solution Architect at Amazon Web Services.
The presentation covers various AWS services, infrastructure, and considerations for scaling.

How to Scale?

Managing users, maintaining performance (including multiple geographies), detecting and responding to incidents, maintaining business continuity, and managing security and compliance are critical for scaling.
Developing and testing, managing change, tracking and managing costs, optimizing for cost, and minimizing the carbon footprint are also important.

AWS Global Infrastructure

AWS operates in 34 Regions.
There are 108 Availability Zones (AZs) across these regions.
A private backbone network connects these regions and AZs.
AWS has over 600 points of presence.

AWS Regions

Regions establish data locations.
Protection against legal risks (such as GDPR) is ensured through regions.
Disaster recovery capabilities are also supported by regions.

Availability Zones (AZs)

Each region comprises at least three AZs.
Each AZ houses a cluster of data centers.
AZs provide resilience against technical failures.

Points of Presence

Points of presence (POPs) are used for content delivery services like Amazon CloudFront.
POPs are not directly accessible by users.

AWS Local Zones

AWS Local Zones extend AWS's regional infrastructure to key locations. These are in major cities and industrial centers.

AWS Wavelength

AWS Wavelength brings AWS cloud infrastructure closer to end-users and allows for low-latency access (by using 5G).
It is tailored for applications like real-time data analysis and processing.

AWS Outposts

Extending AWS infrastructure to your on-premises data center is enabled by AWS Outposts.
This allows for ultra low-latency application use.
Local data processing and storage are supported.

Services Summary

Over 200+ fully featured AWS services are mentioned in this presentation.
These services cover analytics, business applications, blockchain, security, identity, compliance, databases, compute, storage, media services, hybrid architecture, Internet of Things, machine learning, and more.

AWS Considerations

Many important decisions are noted as reversible, allowing for adjustment.
A cycle of building, measuring, and learning is highlighted.

User Capacity Considerations

A single instance deployment shows shortcomings in terms of redundancy and scalability for single-instance deployments.
More comprehensive solutions are necessary when multiple users are accessing the service.
Managed services (RDS, DynamoDB) are noted as alternatives to self-managed solutions.

Scaling Considerations

The presentation acknowledges a shift toward horizontal scaling (adding more computing resources) over vertical scaling (using more powerful single instances).
Load balancing is discussed as a way to spread user requests across multiple instances for optimal performance.
Application Load Balancers and Network Load Balancers are suggested.

Database Choices

Self-managed (Amazon EC2) and fully managed (RDS, DynamoDB, Aurora, Timestream) database options are presented.
Database performance considerations for scaling are referenced. A note on choosing NoSQL versus Relational databases.

Typical Read/Write Ratio

A read-heavy user traffic pattern (70% reads, 30% writes) implies the benefit of read replicas for database performance.

Amazon S3

Amazon S3 provides durable, high-capacity object storage.
S3 is a great option for static assets, scalable to very high volumes, and able to handle object sizes up to 5TB.

Amazon CloudFront

For high-volume content delivery and fast content delivery, Amazon CloudFront caches content close to users. It streamlines content delivery for everything from static assets and video to optimizing time to live (TTL).

Caching Considerations

Static web content like images, videos, CSS files, and JS files are good candidates for caching.

Amazon ElastiCache

AWS ElastiCache is identified as for caching Memcached and Redis data sets, scaling easily and providing millisecond-level speeds.

Amazon DynamoDB

A good solution for NoSQL databases, DynamoDB offers high performance, distribution, fault tolerance, and global (multi-region) table features.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Splitting components and scaling separately are highlighted as advantages of SOA.
The service-oriented architecture approach. Service contracts define how services interact.
Choosing the right runtimes (e.g., Lambda, ECS, EKS) based on application characteristics is crucial for efficiency.

Serverless Web Application Summary

A sample serverless web application architecture is presented.

Loose Coupling Considerations

Loose coupling (e.g., using queues like SQS and topics like SNS) allows greater scalability and resilience.
Event-driven architectures are viable (using services like Lambda) and are emphasized.

Microservice Architecture

A microservices architecture is highlighted as a suitable structure for larger applications, especially beyond 1,000,000 users.

AWS X-Ray

AWS X-Ray tools help diagnose performance issues for microservice environments.

> 1 Million Users Planning Considerations

Fine-tuning the solution, considering a multi-region deployment, and handling potential database performance issues are pointed out. Also custom tooling if needed.

Additional considerations

Purpose-built databases (graph, ledger, geo-tracking) are suitable for specific application needs.
Potential database issues and potential solutions are outlined.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential strategies for scaling applications on AWS to support up to 10 million users. It explores various AWS services, global infrastructure, and crucial considerations for performance, security, and compliance. Test your knowledge on managing resources and optimizing costs in an AWS environment.