AWS Big Data Processing
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What is the primary language used to define a state machine in AWS Step Functions?

  • Amazon Workflow Language
  • AWS Lambda Language
  • Amazon State Language (correct)
  • AWS JSON Language

    • Which AWS service can trigger an AWS Step Functions workflow on a schedule?

  • Amazon EventBridge (correct)
  • Amazon SNS
  • AWS CloudFormation
  • AWS IAM

    • Which component is NOT required when using AWS Glue workflows exclusively?

  • AWS Step Functions (correct)
  • AWS Glue Triggers
  • AWS Glue Crawlers
  • AWS Glue Jobs

    • What is one primary benefit of AWS Step Functions being serverless?

    <p>Automatically scales with usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what time does the di-raw-customer-crawler start its operation in the given workflow?

    <p>6am</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functionality does AWS Step Functions provide for controlling workflows?

    <p>Dynamic state transitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Glue ETL job do in the workflow?

    <p>Transforms raw CSV data into Parquet format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When initiating a state machine in AWS Step Functions, what format is used for input data?

    <p>JSON</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the di-curated-customer-crawler in the workflow?

    <p>Success of the CSV-to-Parquet job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can users create a workflow in AWS Step Functions without writing JSON?

    <p>Using Step Functions Workflow Studio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of AWS Glue workflows?

    <p>They can only orchestrate Glue components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task could be performed by a state in a Step Functions workflow?

    <p>Running an AWS Lambda function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service can be used to create more complex workflows other than AWS Glue?

    <p>AWS Step Functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows each step in a Glue workflow to update the state information for subsequent steps?

    <p>Workflow state information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Amazon States Language (ASL) play in AWS Step Functions?

    <p>It visualizes state machines for workflows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does error handling in AWS Step Functions enhance workflows?

    <p>It ensures the workflow operates without any disruption in the event of failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task do AWS Glue Crawlers perform?

    <p>Infer schema and populate Glue Data Catalog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary benefit of using AWS Glue for running Apache Spark?

    <p>Less configuration required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to Glue Crawlers, how else can you add databases and tables to the Glue catalog?

    <p>Using the Glue API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file types can AWS Glue Crawlers identify?

    <p>CSV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Amazon EMR manage for big data processing?

    <p>Deployment of open source tools and EC2 resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between AWS Glue and Amazon EMR for running Apache Spark?

    <p>Amazon EMR requires more configuration but provides greater control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of using AWS Glue for running Apache Spark?

    <p>Higher cost per server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service requires that users specify the compute cluster for running Apache Spark?

    <p>Amazon EMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the CloudWatch event that starts the Step Functions state machine?

    <p>A file uploaded to an S3 bucket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Process Incoming File' step do in the state machine?

    <p>Runs a Glue Python shell job to process the incoming file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field in the JSON data is checked in the 'Did Job Succeed?' step?

    <p>jobStatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the 'jobStatus' field is set to 'succeeded'?

    <p>It branches to 'Run AWS Glue Crawler'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'Job Failed' step in the state machine?

    <p>To execute a state when the job fails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the error state step deal with?

    <p>Handling error data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following programming languages is supported by Apache Airflow for managing workflows?

    <p>Python</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge mentioned regarding the deployment and management of Apache Airflow?

    <p>Difficulties with installation and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following AWS services is designed to transform data using Python shell scripts and Apache Spark code?

    <p>AWS Glue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using a transient cluster for big data processing in the cloud?

    <p>Spun up for specific jobs and then shut down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following frameworks is NOT included in an Amazon EMR cluster?

    <p>Zeppelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AWS service supports running Hadoop and Spark applications and is considered cost-effective for processing large amounts of data?

    <p>Amazon EMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is Amazon EMR most suitable for?

    <p>Environments where clusters need to be fine-tuned for compute power and Spark settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service would you use to automate data ingestion from a variety of sources including data stores, streaming services, and file systems?

    <p>AWS Glue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AWS service includes a central repository for metadata associated with datasets known as a data catalog?

    <p>AWS Glue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a team with experience running Apache Spark environments, and requirements for fine-tuning compute power and settings, which AWS service is most suitable?

    <p>Amazon EMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for each EMR cluster?

    <p>A master node with local storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AWS Glue component provides a centralized logical representation of data in an Amazon S3 data lake?

    <p>Glue data catalog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Glue crawlers in AWS Glue?

    <p>Examining files to infer schema and add to the data catalog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AWS service allows data scientists to run SQL queries against a data lake?

    <p>Amazon Athena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a workflow in AWS Glue?

    <p>An ordered sequence of steps that run Glue components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a feature of Amazon Athena?

    <p>Requires setting up infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environment is NOT included in AWS Glue?

    <p>R studio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose might business users utilize AWS services?

    <p>Accessing data via visualization tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can orchestrating data pipelines be complex in an organization?

    <p>Because each pipeline may use multiple services and work independently of transformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of SQL in Amazon Athena?

    <p>Querying relational datasets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Glue crawlers typically configured?

    <p>To examine files at a specific location and infer schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which user group is most likely to use Amazon Athena for querying data?

    <p>Data analysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does a master node in an EMR cluster serve?

    <p>To include local storage and manage worker nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does querying data directly from an Amazon S3 data lake provide?

    <p>Eliminates need to set up traditional database systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls what tasks need to be run and where and when to run those tasks in an MWAA environment?

    <p>Scheduler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in an MWAA environment is responsible for executing tasks?

    <p>Worker/executor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the meta-database run in an MWAA environment?

    <p>In the MWAA service account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the web server in an MWAA environment?

    <p>Providing a web-based interface for monitoring and executing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does MWAA handle scaling of workers?

    <p>Automatically scales up and down based on tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when migrating from an on-premises environment to MWAA?

    <p>AWS manages the environment and the Apache Airflow software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between MWAA and serverless environments like Amazon Step Functions in terms of billing?

    <p>MWAA has a fixed cost for the core environment size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes Amazon Athena?

    <p>A serverless query service connected to Amazon S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language is predominantly used in Amazon Athena for querying?

    <p>Structured Query Language (SQL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can data scientists create in Amazon Athena to increase data analysis efficiency?

    <p>Databases for each data lake system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Apache Airflow become a top-level Apache project?

    <p>2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following integrations is NOT supported by Apache Airflow?

    <p>IBM Cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language is used to create processing pipelines in Apache Airflow?

    <p>Python</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created Apache Airflow, and when?

    <p>Airbnb, 2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using AWS Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA)?

    <p>Automatic scaling of workers based on demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does AWS Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) aim to address?

    <p>Complexity of installing and configuring Apache Airflow in large production environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool enables a data consumer to query datasets in the data lake through the AWS Management Console?

    <p>Amazon Athena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functionality does Athena Federated Query provide?

    <p>It enables querying other data sources beyond just the S3 data lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amazon Redshift is designed for which type of workloads?

    <p>Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service can connect to Amazon Athena using a JDBC driver?

    <p>SQL Workbench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Amazon Redshift Spectrum enable users to do?

    <p>Query historical data stored in a data lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service helps to store metadata about data sources enabling queries in Amazon Athena?

    <p>AWS Glue Data Catalog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using Amazon Redshift for large datasets?

    <p>It clusters compute nodes to improve query performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which services are provided pre-built connectors by Amazon for Athena Federated Query?

    <p>Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon CloudWatch Logs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a data consumer only load a subset of data into Amazon Redshift?

    <p>To improve query performance for frequently accessed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use case for OLAP workloads in Amazon Redshift?

    <p>Complex joins and aggregations for reporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    AWS Glue Crawlers

    • AWS Glue crawlers are processes that examine a data source, automatically infer the schema and other information, and populate the AWS Glue Data Catalog.
    • They can be pointed at an S3 location, examine a portion of each file, identify the file type, and add the information to the catalog.

    Overview of Amazon EMR

    • Amazon EMR provides a managed platform for running popular open source big data processing tools, such as Apache Spark, Apache Hive, and Presto.
    • It takes care of the complexities of deploying these tools and managing the underlying compute resources.
    • EMR can be used to run Apache Spark, but it requires more configuration and fine-tuning compared to AWS Glue.

    The AWS Data Engineer's Toolkit

    • AWS Glue is a serverless service for transforming data, with a data catalog, crawlers, and ETL jobs.
    • Amazon EMR can be used to run Hadoop and Spark applications, and is a cost-effective option for processing massive amounts of data.
    • Amazon S3 can be used to store large amounts of data, with high availability and integration with other AWS services.

    AWS Services for Orchestrating Big Data Pipelines

    • AWS Glue workflows are used to orchestrate Glue components, such as ETL jobs and crawlers.
    • AWS Step Functions can be used to create complex workflows that integrate with many AWS services, with a serverless and consumption-based pricing model.
    • Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) is a managed service for running Apache Airflow, with automatic scaling and integration with AWS services.

    Overview of AWS Glue Workflows

    • AWS Glue workflows consist of an ordered sequence of steps that run Glue crawlers and ETL jobs.
    • Each step can retrieve and update state information, enabling one step to provide state information for a subsequent step.
    • Glue workflows can only be used to orchestrate Glue components.

    Overview of AWS Step Functions

    • AWS Step Functions is a service for creating complex workflows that integrate with many AWS services.
    • It uses JSON to define a state machine, with a visual interface for creating and managing workflows.
    • Step Functions can run multiple tasks, with choices, waits, and error handling.

    Overview of Apache Airflow

    • Apache Airflow is an open-source platform for managing data engineering workflows.
    • It enables users to program workflows in various programming languages and trigger different tools.
    • Airflow has a wide variety of integrations with various tools and platforms, including AWS services.

    Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA)

    • MWAA is a managed service for running Apache Airflow, with automatic scaling and integration with AWS services.
    • It consists of a scheduler, workers, meta-database, and web server.
    • MWAA enables users to easily deploy a managed version of Apache Airflow, with scaling and resilience.

    AWS Services for Consuming Data

    • Amazon Athena is a serverless query service that allows users to run standard SQL queries against data in a data lake or other data sources.
    • Data scientists can use Athena to analyze datasets, while data analysts can use it to load data into a high-performance data warehouse.
    • Business users can access data via visualization tools, representing data as graphs, charts, and other visuals.### SQL in Data Analytics
    • SQL allows proficient users to easily and quickly draw information from large relational datasets by combining tables, filtering results, and performing aggregations.
    • Data scientists and analysts use SQL to explore and understand datasets that may be useful to them.

    The AWS Data Engineer's Toolkit

    • Many tools interface with SQL data sources using JDBC or ODBC drivers.
    • Amazon Athena enables data consumers to query datasets in data lakes or connected sources through the AWS Management Console or JDBC/ODBC drivers.
    • Graphical SQL query tools, like SQL Workbench, can connect to Amazon Athena through JDBC drivers.
    • ODBC drivers allow programmatically connecting to Amazon Athena and running SQL queries in code.

    Athena Federated Query

    • Athena Federated Query enables building connectors to query beyond S3 data lakes, including other data sources.
    • Amazon provides pre-built, open-source connectors for Athena to connect to sources like Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon managed relational database engines, and Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
    • Athena Federated Query allows running a single SQL statement that combines data from multiple sources, such as active orders from DynamoDB, customer data from PostgreSQL, and historical order data from S3 data lakes.

    Overview of Amazon Redshift and Redshift Spectrum

    • Amazon Redshift is a cloud-based data warehouse designed for reporting and analytic workloads (OLAP).
    • Redshift provides a clustered environment for fast performance with complex joins across multiple large tables.
    • Redshift is ideal for reporting and visualization services working with large datasets.
    • Amazon Redshift Spectrum enables querying more historical data stored in a data lake.
    • Redshift Spectrum allows querying data in Redshift clusters and data lakes, enabling a single query to include both.

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    Learn about AWS Glue crawlers and Amazon EMR, two powerful tools for processing and managing big data. Understand how they work and their applications.

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