AWS Architecture and Services

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of having multiple availability zones in an AWS region?

To ensure high availability of applications (correct)

To provide a higher level of security

To reduce latency in edge locations

To improve performance by caching data

What is the scope of AWS services like IAM and billing?

Region level

Account level (correct)

Availability zone level

Global level

How can a three-tier architecture be scaled to handle increased load?

Only horizontally

Only vertically

Both vertically and horizontally (correct)

Neither vertically nor horizontally

What is the main benefit of using edge locations in AWS?

To reduce latency Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of availability zones in an AWS region?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the categorization of AWS services that includes EC2, RDS, and EBS?

Availability zone level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of load balancers in the architecture?

To distribute load across multiple web servers and application servers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using NoSQL databases in the architecture?

To handle large amounts of data and connections Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of database caches like Redis or Memcached?

To store frequently accessed data, reducing the load on relational databases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a content delivery network (CDN) like CloudFront?

To cache and distribute static content across edge locations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Auto Scaling in the architecture?

To scale EC2 instances horizontally based on incoming traffic Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using AWS CodeCommit?

To allow developers, DevOps, and QA teams to check-in code Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using AWS CodePipeline?

To automate the build, test, and deployment process Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using CloudFormation in the architecture?

To provision infrastructure from scratch using a JSON or YAML template Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a notification service in the architecture?

To send notifications and messages to users Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using AWS CodeStar in the architecture?

To integrate with project management tools like JIRA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using multiple availability zones in an AWS region?

Increasing high availability of applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an AWS region?

To provide a geographic area for deploying infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using AWS services?

To build an application architecture Signup and view all the answers

How many AWS services are available?

130+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of AWS services like S3 and DynamoDB?

Region level Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical design principle when building an application architecture?

Keeping machines in different availability zones Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using relational databases in Facebook's architecture?

To store data in a performance bottleneck Signup and view all the answers

Which service is used to analyze and filter out objectionable content from uploaded media files?

Content filters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a Hadoop platform in Facebook's architecture?

To perform computing on distributed systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a data warehouse in Facebook's architecture?

To store and analyze data for business intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which service is used to manage REST APIs in Facebook's architecture?

API Gateway Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using IAM in Facebook's architecture?

To manage access and authentication Signup and view all the answers

Which service is used to encrypt data in Facebook's architecture?

KMS Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using CloudFormation in Facebook's architecture?

To provision infrastructure from scratch Signup and view all the answers

Which service is used to automate the build, test, and deployment process in Facebook's architecture?

CodePipeline Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using AWS services in Facebook's architecture?

Infrastructure can be coded and deployed within 30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

• AWS has 20 regions globally, with 5 more regions coming soon, and each region has 2 or more availability zones (AZs) for high availability of services. • AWS global data centers have edge locations, which are like caching devices across 100+ cities worldwide, to improve performance by reducing latency. • An AWS region is a geographic area, and each region consists of 2 or more AZs, which are used for high availability of applications. • When designing an architecture, it's typical to keep machines in different AZs so that if one AZ goes down, the application remains available. • An AWS account is a top-level entity that allows deployment of infrastructure in any AWS region, and each region has 2 or more AZs. • AWS services have different scopes, with some working at the account level (e.g., billing, IAM), some at the region level (e.g., S3, DynamoDB), and some at the AZ level (e.g., EC2, RDS, EBS). • There are 130+ AWS services, which can be broadly categorized into computing power, analytics, storage, database, network, management, application, and development services. • AWS services can be used to build an application architecture, such as a social media application, and can be categorized into different tiers (e.g., web server, application server, database). • A three-tier architecture typically consists of a web server, application server, and database, and can be scaled vertically or horizontally to handle increased load. • Load balancers can be used to distribute load across multiple web servers and application servers, and DNS services can be used to map domain names to load balancer IP addresses. • Relational databases may not be suitable for large-scale data storage, and NoSQL databases may be more suitable for handling large amounts of data and connections.Here are the detailed bullet points summarizing the text:

• Facebook's architecture involves storing data in both relational and NoSQL databases, with relational databases potentially becoming a performance bottleneck.

• To optimize performance, database caches like Redis or Memcached are used to store frequently accessed data, reducing the load on relational databases.

• External storage solutions like file storage or shared filesystems are used to store media files, such as pictures and videos, due to the size limitations of disks attached to VMs.

• Content filters are used to analyze and filter out objectionable content from uploaded media files.

• Clickstream analysis is used to capture and analyze user behavior, such as clicks and likes, in real-time.

• A Hadoop platform is used to perform computing on distributed systems, and a data warehouse is used to store and analyze data for business intelligence.

• A business intelligence tool is used to query and analyze data, generating reports that inform business decisions.

• The architecture also includes a notification service, email service, and messaging queue service, such as RabbitMQ or JMS queues.

• A monitoring service is used to continuously monitor the health of the application and infrastructure.

• To deploy this architecture on AWS, various services are used, including VPC, EC2, EBS, RDS, DynamoDB, Elasticache, S3, Rekognition, Lambda, Kinesis, EMR, and Redshift.

• Auto scaling is used to scale EC2 instances horizontally based on incoming traffic.

• A content delivery network (CDN) like CloudFront is used to cache and distribute static content across edge locations.

• SNS and SES are used for sending messages and bulk emails, respectively.

• SQS is used for messaging queues, and CloudWatch is used for monitoring and alarms.

• API Gateway is used to manage REST APIs, and Cognito is used for user management and identity management.

• IAM is used for managing access and authentication, and KMS is used for encrypting data.

• ACM is used for managing digital certificates, and WAF is used for application-level firewalls.

• Inspector is used for compliance and patch management, scanning machines for vulnerabilities and generating reports.

• The architecture also includes development and DevOps services, such as CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodePipeline, and CodeDeploy.- Manual deployment of AWS services can take around 2-3 days without errors, but with AWS, infrastructure can be coded and deployed within 30 minutes using CloudFormation.

CloudFormation is a powerful service that provisions infrastructure from scratch using a JSON or YAML template.
DevOps teams write CloudFormation templates, which are then used by the CloudFormation service to create infrastructure.
AWS CodeCommit is a code repository service that allows developers, DevOps, and QA teams to check-in code.
CloudFormation templates are written in JSON or YAML code and are checked into CodeCommit.
AWS CodeBuild takes source code, builds it using build tools like Ant or Maven, and performs unit tests to produce artifacts.
Artifacts are application executables, such as EXEs or binaries.
CodeBuild produces artifacts, which are then deployed to EC2 machines using CodeDeploy.
CodeDeploy is a deployment service that deploys artifacts to application servers running in EC2.
CodePipeline is a CI/CD pipeline service that automates the build, test, and deployment process.
CodePipeline integrates with CodeCommit, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy to automate the entire development and deployment process.
AWS CodeStar integrates with project management tools like JIRA, providing complete SDLC control and development speed management.
AWS services mentioned include CloudFormation, CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, CodePipeline, and CodeStar.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of AWS architecture, including regions, availability zones, and edge locations. It also explores the various AWS services, including computing, analytics, storage, and database services, as well as development and deployment tools like CloudFormation and CodePipeline.