Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the main focus of qualitative research?
Which of the following best describes the main focus of qualitative research?
Which part of methodology addresses how data will be collected?
Which part of methodology addresses how data will be collected?
What is the purpose of a good methodology chapter?
What is the purpose of a good methodology chapter?
Phenomenology is primarily used to study which aspect of human experience?
Phenomenology is primarily used to study which aspect of human experience?
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In which research design would a researcher likely manipulate variables to observe effects?
In which research design would a researcher likely manipulate variables to observe effects?
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What is a characteristic of mixed methods research?
What is a characteristic of mixed methods research?
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Which of the following describes the validation of instruments in research methodology?
Which of the following describes the validation of instruments in research methodology?
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Which component of methodology provides the framework for analyzing the collected data?
Which component of methodology provides the framework for analyzing the collected data?
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What is the primary characteristic of convenience sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of convenience sampling?
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What method is best used for accessing a rare group, such as hobbyists?
What method is best used for accessing a rare group, such as hobbyists?
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Which sampling method focuses on the diversity of participant characteristics?
Which sampling method focuses on the diversity of participant characteristics?
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When selecting a sampling method, which factor should be considered first?
When selecting a sampling method, which factor should be considered first?
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For a study on the impact of tourism on fishing communities, which population is targeted?
For a study on the impact of tourism on fishing communities, which population is targeted?
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What is a significant reason for employing purposive sampling in qualitative research?
What is a significant reason for employing purposive sampling in qualitative research?
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Which factor does NOT influence the choice of sampling method?
Which factor does NOT influence the choice of sampling method?
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Why is diversity among sample participants important in this study?
Why is diversity among sample participants important in this study?
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What is the primary goal of engaging extensively with locals in this research?
What is the primary goal of engaging extensively with locals in this research?
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Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups and then taking random samples from each subgroup?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups and then taking random samples from each subgroup?
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What defines probability sampling?
What defines probability sampling?
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Which sampling method selects every nth individual from a population list?
Which sampling method selects every nth individual from a population list?
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What represents a key characteristic of qualitative inquiries in research?
What represents a key characteristic of qualitative inquiries in research?
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In what situation would cluster sampling be most appropriate?
In what situation would cluster sampling be most appropriate?
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Which of the following best describes convenience sampling?
Which of the following best describes convenience sampling?
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What is the correct approach to mixed methods sampling?
What is the correct approach to mixed methods sampling?
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What is the primary goal of thematic analysis in qualitative research?
What is the primary goal of thematic analysis in qualitative research?
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Which statistical analysis technique is not mentioned as part of the quantitative data analysis process?
Which statistical analysis technique is not mentioned as part of the quantitative data analysis process?
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What is the primary purpose of expert review in validating instruments?
What is the primary purpose of expert review in validating instruments?
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In the study, what type of qualitative data is mentioned as being collected?
In the study, what type of qualitative data is mentioned as being collected?
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What is a suitable method to test the reliability of an instrument?
What is a suitable method to test the reliability of an instrument?
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What aspect of the fishing community is assessed through statistical analysis?
What aspect of the fishing community is assessed through statistical analysis?
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What aspect will Dr. Elena Martinez primarily focus on during the validation of the research instruments?
What aspect will Dr. Elena Martinez primarily focus on during the validation of the research instruments?
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Coding and categorization in qualitative research are primarily used for what purpose?
Coding and categorization in qualitative research are primarily used for what purpose?
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Which method is used to identify potential issues with an instrument before its full deployment?
Which method is used to identify potential issues with an instrument before its full deployment?
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Which key theme is likely to be identified through thematic analysis in this study?
Which key theme is likely to be identified through thematic analysis in this study?
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What type of data will the survey designed for tourists aim to collect?
What type of data will the survey designed for tourists aim to collect?
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What credentials does Dr. Elena Martinez hold that qualify her for the validation process?
What credentials does Dr. Elena Martinez hold that qualify her for the validation process?
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The final stage of data analysis in this study involves what?
The final stage of data analysis in this study involves what?
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What is one of the key focuses of the semi-structured interview guidelines for local residents?
What is one of the key focuses of the semi-structured interview guidelines for local residents?
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What type of metrics are gathered through surveys among tourists and local residents?
What type of metrics are gathered through surveys among tourists and local residents?
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Which technique is NOT typically used to test the reliability of an instrument?
Which technique is NOT typically used to test the reliability of an instrument?
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What is the primary aim of blending qualitative and quantitative research methods in the study?
What is the primary aim of blending qualitative and quantitative research methods in the study?
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What does informed consent require of researchers?
What does informed consent require of researchers?
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How can researchers maintain confidentiality and privacy of participants?
How can researchers maintain confidentiality and privacy of participants?
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What is the purpose of data protection in research?
What is the purpose of data protection in research?
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Why is avoiding deception important in research?
Why is avoiding deception important in research?
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Which of the following examples illustrates the principle of informed consent?
Which of the following examples illustrates the principle of informed consent?
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What is a key ethical consideration related to data protection?
What is a key ethical consideration related to data protection?
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What role does qualitative data play in the comparative analysis of the study?
What role does qualitative data play in the comparative analysis of the study?
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Study Notes
Methodology Overview
- Methodology is about how a researcher systematically designs a study to ensure valid and reliable results that address research aims, objectives, and questions.
- It involves deciding on the type of data to collect, who to collect it from, how to collect it, and how to analyze it.
- A good methodology chapter explains not only the choices made but also why those choices were made.
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
- Qualitative research focuses on collecting and analyzing words (written or spoken), textual or visual data, and body language.
- Quantitative research focuses on measurement and testing using numerical data.
- Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative methodologies to create a more comprehensive understanding.
Parts of Methodology
- Research Design: A plan for data collection and analysis to efficiently answer the research problem. Anchored on the study's purpose and intent.
- Research Locale: The physical or geographical location of the study, relevant to the study's setting or environment.
- Population and Sampling: The entire group of interest and the process of selecting individuals from the population.
- Participants of the Study: The individuals, groups, or entities contributing data.
- Research Instruments: The tools used to collect, measure, and analyze data.
- Validation of Instruments: Verifying if a research instrument accurately reflects the intended concept.
- Data Gathering Procedure: The systematic process of collecting information relevant to research questions or hypotheses.
- Data Analysis: Examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to draw conclusions and support decision-making.
- Ethical Considerations: Ensuring the integrity of research and the protection of participants' rights and well-being.
Types of Research Design
- Qualitative: Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case Study, Historical Research, Biography
- Quantitative: Experimental (True Experimental, Quasi-Experimental) and Non-experimental (Descriptive, Correlational)
- Mixed Methods: Convergent, Explanatory, and Exploratory
Specific Research Designs
- Phenomenology: Describes the structure of human consciousness as revealed through experiences. Implicit in every human experience. Widely used in diverse fields.
- Grounded Theory: Develops a theory based on the constant comparison of experiences related to a phenomenon. Refinement through relevant data.
- Ethnography: An in-depth study of a culture or a facet of a culture by employing multiple methods. Covers community health care, anthropology, politics, etc.
- Case Study: In-depth understanding of complex issues in real-life contexts for individuals, groups, or institutions.
- Historical Research: Systematic collection, interpretation, and evaluation of primary historical data about a past event.
- Biography: Writing about the life and history of a person, reconstructing their life history.
Research Locale
- Definition: The physical or geographical location of a study.
- Importance: The locale choice drastically affects study results, validity, applicability, and data interpretation.
- Types: Physical (schools, hospitals), virtual (online platforms), social (cultural groups).
- Key factors in selection: Relevance, accessibility, ethical considerations, and data richness.
Population and Sampling in Mixed Method Design
- Population: The entire group of interest, relevant to qualitative and quantitative inquiry.
- Sampling: Selecting individuals from the population to represent both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Techniques include probability (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster) and non-probability (convenience, purposive, snowball).
- Sample Size: The number of participants needed to accurately represent the population, crucial for quantitative research validity.
Research Instruments
- Quantitative: Surveys, questionnaires, standardized tests.
- Qualitative: Interviews, focus group discussions, observation checklists.
Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments
- Quantitative: Focus on reliability (consistency of results) and validity (accuracy).
- Qualitative: Emphasis on credibility and authenticity.
Data Gathering Procedure
- Definition: Systematic process of collecting information relevant to research questions.
- Importance: Crucial for reliable and valid data.
Data Analysis
- Quantitative: Statistical methods (regression analysis) to analyze numerical data, interpret results.
- Qualitative: Thematic analysis (identifying themes and patterns), coding and categorization, to analyze non-numerical data.
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Informed Consent: Participants should understand the study and voluntarily consent
- Confidentiality: Protecting participant identity.
- Data Protection: Ensuring security and limiting access to research data.
- Avoiding Deception: Honesty and transparency in research conduct.
- Non-maleficence: Ensuring the research does not harm participants.
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