Aviation Weather Hazards

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What type of fog forms when warm, moist air cools to saturation over cold water?

Stratus fog

Sea fog (correct)

Radiation fog

Advection fog

What is the key factor that makes sea fog formation unlikely?

Initial dew point less than cold water temperature (correct)

Poleward-moving air

Warm ocean current

High wind speed

How does sea fog dissipate when carried over a warmer surface?

Change in wind direction (correct)

Cooling after the heat of the day

Movement onshore to warmer land

An increase in wind speed

What effect can an increase in wind speed have on surface fog?

Causes the fog to lift into a cloud layer Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions does radiation fog occur?

High dew point and cold air temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in making a good radiation fog forecast?

Accurately predicting nighttime minimum temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of heating from below on sea fog?

Forms a stratus deck Signup and view all the answers

How can sea fog restrict ceilings and visibility again after dissipating?

Rolling back in due to cooling after the heat of the day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fog forming?

Cooling of the air Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fog occurs due to moist air moving over a colder surface?

Advection Fog Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Radiation Fog?

Ground Fog Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions does Upslope Fog occur?

When sloping terrain lifts air Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ground under stable nighttime conditions that leads to the formation of Radiation Fog?

It emits long-wave radiation cooling the air Signup and view all the answers

How is fog composed of ice crystals referred to?

Ice Fog Signup and view all the answers

What does adding enough moisture to raise the dew point result in?

Frontal Fog Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fog from a stratus cloud?

Fog forms near the ground, while a stratus cloud is higher in the sky. Signup and view all the answers

Which two basic ingredients are necessary for precipitation to occur?

Moisture and lifting mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to include the estimated layer height top and/or base when reporting visibility?

To identify the specific obstruction to vision Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of lifting mechanisms for precipitation?

Convection, orographic lifting, and frontal lifting Signup and view all the answers

In forecasting precipitation, what does extrapolation work best for?

Short-period forecasting Signup and view all the answers

Why are tops and bases of haze layers difficult to estimate?

Usually difficult to detect accurately Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an obstruction to visibility mentioned in the text?

Smog Signup and view all the answers

How can one determine the height of haze layers according to the text?

Noting orientation to higher terrain, trees, or buildings Signup and view all the answers

Why are pilot reports of haze tops and/or bases considered useful?

To aid in forecasting weather conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is one condition that indicates the potential for radiation fog according to the text?

Low dew point depression Signup and view all the answers

Why is satellite detection of dust challenging according to the text?

Challenges with night and single channel imagery Signup and view all the answers

What role does the FSI play in indicating radiation fog potential?

Assessing stability and moisture levels in the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

How do Enhanced RGB satellite imagery and Aerosol Optical Depth help with dust detection?

Easing difficulties in satellite dust detection Signup and view all the answers

What effect do slow wind speeds at 850 mb have on radiation fog potential?

Decrease the chance of mixing drier air into the fog layer Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of blowing dust forecasts produced by GEPS and MEPS?

Producing probability products for different visibilities Signup and view all the answers

How do slow wind speeds at 850 mb contribute to the formation of radiation fog?

Inhibit mixing of drier ambient air into the fog layer Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difficulty associated with satellite detection of dust according to the text?

Difficulty in distinguishing dust during nighttime hours Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditions prevent the formation of radiation fog?

Strong breeze mixing with drier air aloft Signup and view all the answers

What weather conditions are conducive to radiation fog formation?

Clear skies at night, light winds, and moist air near the surface Signup and view all the answers

What factor can enhance radiation fog formation in valleys?

Cooling from cold air drainage Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions will light rainfall trigger the formation of ground fog?

Air becoming saturated near the ground Signup and view all the answers

Why does a strong breeze prevent radiation fog formation?

Brings more moist air in contact with the cool surface Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to thickening of a fog layer in calm conditions?

Wind speeds of 3-7 knots bringing more moist air in contact with the cool surface Signup and view all the answers