Aviation Takeoff Procedures

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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum height at which track changes can begin for an aircraft with a wingspan of 44.84 m?

50 ft

105 ft

99 ft

74 ft (correct)

At what height is an aeroplane assumed to be banked by no more than 15° according to JAR-OPS 1.495?

300 ft

200 ft

500 ft

400 ft (correct)

For an aircraft with a wingspan of 63.50 m, what is the minimum height required to initiate a track change?

74 ft

105 ft (correct)

99 ft

50 ft

What is the relationship between the wingspan and the minimum height for track change initiation?

The height is half the wingspan or 50 ft, whichever is greater. Signup and view all the answers

Which aircraft type has a minimum track change initiation height of 99 ft?

A330-200/300 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tire traction under contaminated runway conditions?

Tire traction drops to almost negligible values. Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT influence aquaplaning speed?

Aircraft weight Signup and view all the answers

How is aquaplaning speed calculated based on tire pressure and contaminant density?

$VAQUAPLANING = 34(PT/σ)^{0.5}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about hydroplaning performance calculations is correct?

Hydroplaning is accounted for in performance calculations. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to virtually ineffective wheel steering for directional control?

Contaminated runway conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum horizontal clearance required from obstacles after passing the airport boundaries during takeoff?

300 feet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following external conditions does NOT need to be considered when determining the maximum takeoff mass?

Time of day Signup and view all the answers

How does a headwind component affect takeoff distances?

Decreases the takeoff distances Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of reported tailwind component that must be considered when determining maximum takeoff mass?

Not less than 150% Signup and view all the answers

If a turbine engine powered transport category airplane is to take off, what is a necessary condition regarding its weight?

Must allow clearance of obstacles within specified limits Signup and view all the answers

According to JAR-OPS 1.490, which of the following factors is NOT specifically required for calculating takeoff mass?

Temperature gradients Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of runway surface condition on the determination of the maximum takeoff mass?

It significantly affects the performance calculations Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the area defined for takeoff clearance from obstacles?

Departure sector Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum vertical distance that the net flight path must clear all relevant obstacles by?

35 ft Signup and view all the answers

At what height does the net takeoff flight path start at the end of the takeoff distance (TOD)?

35 ft Signup and view all the answers

On a wet or contaminated runway, what is the screen height measured at the end of the takeoff distance?

15 ft Signup and view all the answers

How far below the net takeoff flight path can an aircraft be during an engine failure at V1 on a contaminated runway?

20 ft Signup and view all the answers

Why are TOD and ASD requirements different for wet and contaminated runways compared to dry runways?

Because of reverse thrust regulations Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the gross flight path during the takeoff phase on a contaminated runway?

It can start as low as 15 feet Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a wet or contaminated runway have on the total takeoff distance (TOD) and accelerates stop distance (ASD) compared to dry runways?

They can be shorter under certain conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the height from which the gross flight path begins at the end of the takeoff distance?

15 ft Signup and view all the answers

What happens to takeoff distances when the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) increases?

Takeoff distances increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an upward runway slope on takeoff distance?

It increases takeoff distance Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing air temperature affect engine thrust during takeoff?

It decreases takeoff thrust past a certain temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable slope range for Airbus aircraft during takeoff?

-2% to +2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increasing Outside Air Temperature on takeoff climb gradients?

Takeoff climb gradients decrease Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the Outside Air Temperature is at or below the Flat Rating Temperature (Tref)?

Takeoff thrust remains constant Signup and view all the answers

How does an upward slope influence stopping distance during a rejected takeoff?

It shortens stopping distance Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) when Outside Air Temperature increases?

MTOW decreases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Takeoff Flight Path

Net Takeoff Flight Path must clear all obstacles by at least 35 feet vertically.
Gross Takeoff Flight Path starts at 15 feet on wet or contaminated runways.
Engine Failure at V1 on wet or contaminated runways may result in the aircraft being 20 feet below the net takeoff flight path.
On wet or contaminated runways, the screen height is measured at 15 feet instead of 35 feet on dry runways.
Track Changes are prohibited until the aircraft reaches a height equal to half its wingspan or 50 feet, whichever is higher, above the end of the takeoff run available.
Minimum Height Above End of TORA to start a track change varies by aircraft type, e.g., A300-B2/B4/600 is 74 feet.

Temperature

Increased Outside Air Temperature (OAT) decreases air density, requiring increased true airspeed (TAS) for takeoff and resulting in longer takeoff distances.
Flat Rated Thrust remains constant until OAT surpasses the Flat Rating Temperature (Tref).
Decreasing Engine Thrust above Tref results in longer takeoff distances and reduced takeoff climb gradients.

Runway Slope

Upward Runway Slope degrades aircraft acceleration, increasing takeoff distance.
Downward Runway Slope can shorten stopping distance in case of a rejected takeoff.
Runway Slope can affect Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW).

FAR 121.189 Departure Sector

Net Takeoff Flight Path must clear obstacles by at least 200 feet horizontally within the airport boundaries and 300 feet horizontally after passing the boundaries.

External Conditions

Wind component along the runway axis significantly affects takeoff distance, headwinds reduce distance, and tailwinds increase it.
Hydroplaning occurs on wet or contaminated runways, significantly reducing tire traction and braking capability.
Aquaplaning Speed is a threshold at which friction forces are severely diminished, calculated by VAQUAPLANING (kt) = 34 (PT/σ)0.5, where PT is tire pressure and σ is the specific gravity of the contaminant.

Takeoff Weight

Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) is influenced by external conditions like wind, temperature, and runway slope.
Runway Surface Condition and Type of Runway Surface significantly affect takeoff weight.
Reverse Thrust is allowed for ASD determination on wet and contaminated runways, but not on dry runways.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to takeoff flight paths, including net and gross takeoff path requirements and the impact of outside air temperature on performance. Familiarize yourself with the regulations and safety measures for a successful aircraft takeoff.