Aviation Sector Value Chain and Key Players

• The aviation sector's value chain consists of interconnected industries.
• This chain includes manufacturers, lessors, ground services, airlines, computer reservation systems, travel agents, and freight forwarders.

Key Players and Their Turnover

• Aircraft manufacturers account for approximately 7% of the turnover.
• Leasing companies make up about 30%.
• Airports contribute around 26%.
• Ground services account for roughly 6%.
• Computer reservation systems also represent about 6%.
• Airlines hold a significant portion with 15%.
• Online travel agencies make up around 3%

The Airline Industry

• Airlines are crucial as they integrate various products and services within the aviation supply chain.
• Airlines deliver these integrated products to customers.

Strategic Development and Integration

• Countries like Singapore and Dubai strategically develop aviation as a key economic element.
• These countries treat the entire aviation system as an integrated entity.
• Local airports are often developed to meet the specific needs of the home carrier.

Aircraft Manufacturers and Aerospace Suppliers

• These entities design, develop, and manufacture aircraft for various purposes, including commercial, cargo, business, and military use.
• They supply essential parts and subsystems like engines, avionics, and landing gear.
• Notable commercial aircraft manufacturers include Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, and Bombardier.
• Key engine manufacturers are Rolls-Royce, GE Pratt & Whitney, and Safran.
• Avionics and systems are provided by companies like Honeywell, Thales and Rockwell Collins.

Airlines (Passenger & Cargo Carriers)

• Airlines offer air transportation for both passengers and cargo.
• They operate flights on domestic, regional, and international routes.
• Full-Service Carriers (FSCs) include Delta, American, Lufthansa, and Singapore Airlines.
• Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) consist of Ryanair, Southwest, AirAsia, and Wizz Air.
• Cargo airlines are represented by FedEx, UPS, Qatar Airways Cargo, and Emirates SkyCargo.

Airports & Terminal Services

• These provide essential infrastructure for takeoff, landing, and passenger services.
• Revenue is generated through landing fees, concessions, parking, and leasing.
• Prominent airport operators include Heathrow Airport Holdings, Fraport, and Dubai Airports.
• Retail and duty-free services are offered by entities like Dubai Duty Free and WHSmith.

Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) & Air Traffic Control (ATC)

• These entities manage air traffic to ensure safety and efficiency.
• ANSPs provide navigation and route planning services.
• Government-run ANSPs include the FAA (USA), EUROCONTROL (Europe), and NATS (UK).
• A private ANSP is NAV CANADA.

Ground Handling & MRO

• They handle activities such as baggage handling, catering, aircraft servicing, and fueling.
• These organizations conduct routine and heavy maintenance, as well as component repairs.
• Ground handling services are provided by Swissport and DNATA.
• MRO providers include Lufthansa Technik, ST Engineering, and AAR Corp.

Regulatory Authorities & Industry Associations

• Responsible for establishing safety, security, and environmental regulations within the aviation industry.
• These authorities advocate for industry-wide policies and collaboration.
• Notable regulators include the FAA (USA), EASA (Europe), and ICAO (global).
• Key industry associations are IATA (airlines) and ACI (airports).

Aviation Fuel Supply & Jet Fuel Distribution

• Refine, distribute, and supply jet fuel to airlines.
• They also manage airport fueling infrastructure.
• Major oil companies include Shell Aviation, Air BP, and ExxonMobil Aviation.
• Fueling services are offered by companies like World Fuel Services and Air BP.

Aerospace & Defense Sector

• Develop military aircraft, defense systems, and aerospace technology.
• Key players in this sector include Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and BAE Systems.

Travel & Distribution

• Facilitate flight bookings and ticket distribution.
• These companies also offer digital travel agency services.
• Global Distribution Systems (GDS) include Amadeus, Sabre, and Travelport.
• Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) are Expedia, Skyscanner, and Kayak.

Aircraft Leasing Companies

• Purchase aircraft and lease them to airlines.
• Major players in this market are AerCap, Air Lease Corporation, and Avolon.