Aviation Safety: Stopway and Taxiway Guidelines

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Questions and Answers

What should the width of a stopway be for aircraft having a maximum take-off mass in excess of 68,000 kg?

Narrower than 30 meters

Double the width of the associated runway

Less than the associated runway width

Equal to the associated runway width (correct)

What surface characteristic is required for a paved stopway?

No specific friction characteristics needed

Friction characteristics at or above those of the associated runway (correct)

Friction characteristics below those of the runway

A rough surface for better grip

What is the maximum length of stopway that can be included in the published accelerate stop distance for aircraft with a maximum take-off mass between 36,300 kg and 68,000 kg?

50 meters

60 meters (correct)

75 meters

100 meters

What is the maximum slope for the first and last quarter of the length of a runway applicable to stopways?

0.8% Signup and view all the answers

What must the friction characteristics of an unpaved stopway not be?

Substantially less than the runway Signup and view all the answers

What is an acceptable maximum rate of slope change at the junction of the stopway and runway?

0.3% per 30 m Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the surface movement of aircraft on taxiways?

Taxiways must permit safe and expeditious surface movement Signup and view all the answers

What pertains to changes in the direction of taxiways?

Changes should be minimized and small Signup and view all the answers

What is the required minimum radius of the turn-off curve for a rapid exit taxiway when the code number is 3 or 4?

550 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum longitudinal slope allowed for a taxiway with code letters C, D, E, or F?

1.5% Signup and view all the answers

For a taxiway with code letters A or B, what is the maximum speed an aircraft should exit under wet conditions?

65 km/h Signup and view all the answers

What is the allowable change rate for slope transitions on a taxiway with code letters C, D, E, or F?

1.0% per 30 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum intersection angle of a rapid exit taxiway with the runway?

25° Signup and view all the answers

What transverse slope is required to prevent water accumulation on a taxiway?

Should be adequate to prevent accumulation Signup and view all the answers

How should the surface of a taxiway be constructed to ensure safety?

Should provide suitable surface friction characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum longitudinal slope for a taxiway with code letters A or B?

3.0% Signup and view all the answers

What must not be infringed by a holding bay's location?

Inner transitional surface Signup and view all the answers

When should holding bays be provided?

When traffic density is medium or heavy Signup and view all the answers

Where are runway-holding positions established?

At the intersection of a taxiway and a runway Signup and view all the answers

What must the grading of an apron prevent?

Water from accumulating on the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable slope of an apron towards the terminal building?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What should be provided to handle fuel spills on an apron?

Drainage systems Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for an apron location?

Must not infringe obstacle limitation surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What determines the total apron area needed?

Maximum anticipated traffic density Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable width of taxiway shoulders for code letters C, D, E, or F?

1.5% Signup and view all the answers

What should be the minimum unobstructed line of sight for a taxiway corresponding to code letter F?

44 m Signup and view all the answers

If a taxiway's code letter is D, what is the minimum width requirement including shoulders?

34 m Signup and view all the answers

What must the bearing strength of a taxiway be in relation to the runway it serves?

Equal to that of the runway Signup and view all the answers

What is the required shoulder width for taxiways with code letter E?

38 m Signup and view all the answers

Why is taxiway bearing strength important?

To prevent safety problems for operating aircraft Signup and view all the answers

What should the width of taxiway shoulders be for code letters A and B used by jet propelled aeroplanes?

2.0% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor to consider when determining taxiway bearing strength?

It must factor in the density of traffic and higher stresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable slope on an aircraft parking position?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of flame traps or interceptor pits at aircraft stands?

To isolate and prevent fuel spread Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered regarding the apron bearing strength?

It should prevent safety problems for operating aircraft Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended distance for vehicles on a marked apron road from parked aircraft?

3 m Signup and view all the answers

Why does the apron experience higher stresses than a runway?

Aircraft are stationary or moving slowly Signup and view all the answers

What should be the condition of any other part of the apron, aside from the parking position?

It must be as level as practicable Signup and view all the answers

What factors must be considered for each part of an apron?

Traffic density and stress on the apron Signup and view all the answers

What safety considerations must be taken into account regarding aircraft stands?

Clearances from adjacent buildings and objects Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stopway

Stopway width must match the associated runway width for aircraft exceeding 68,000 kg maximum takeoff mass.
Paved stopway surface should achieve friction characteristics equal to or exceeding the associated runway.
Unpaved stopway friction characteristics should be comparable to the associated runway.
Stopway slopes should ideally mirror the associated runway, except for the first and last quarter of the length, where the 0.8% slope limit doesn't apply.
Maximum slope change on a stopway is 0.3% per 30 m at the runway junction and along the stopway.

Taxiway

Taxiway width must meet minimum requirements based on code number.
Taxiway direction changes should be minimized.
Rapid exit taxiways must have sufficient straight distance for stopping, clear of intersecting taxiways.
Rapid exit taxiway intersection angle with the runway should be between 25° and 45°, with 30° being preferred.
Rapid exit taxiway turn-off curve radius needs to be at least 550 m for code 3 or 4, and at least 275 m for code 1 or 2.
Taxiway longitudinal slope cannot exceed 1.5% for code letters C, D, E, or F, and 3.0% for code letters A or B.
When avoiding slope changes, a curved surface transition is required, with a rate of change not exceeding 1.0% per 30 m for code letters C, D, E, or F, and 1.0% per 25 m for code letters A or B.
Taxiway surface should be smooth to prevent damage to aircraft structures.
Paved taxiway surface should provide suitable friction characteristics.

Taxiway Transverse Slope

Taxiway transverse slope should be sufficient to prevent water accumulation, with a minimum of 1.0% and a maximum of 1.5% for code letters C, D, E, or F, and 2.0% for code letters A or B.

Taxiway Shoulders

Taxiways with code letters C, D, E, or F, used by jet-propelled aircraft, must have shoulders.
Shoulders on straight portions of taxiways with code letters C, D, E, or F should extend symmetrically on each side, creating a total width of 44 m for code F, 38 m for code E, 34 m for code D, and 25 m for code C.

Taxiway Bearing Strength

CAAP doesn't specify a standard strength, but it must be adequate to prevent safety issues for operating aircraft.
Taxiway strength needs to be at least equal to the runway it serves, due to the higher traffic density and stresses.

Taxiway Sight Distance

Unobstructed line of sight along the taxiway surface must meet minimum distances defined in tables.

Holding Bay, Runway-Holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position, Road-Holding Position

Providing a holding bay is at the aerodrome operator's discretion but must not infringe upon the inner transitional surface.
Holding bays are recommended for medium to heavy traffic.
Runway-holding positions should be established on a taxiway at the intersection of a taxiway and runway, or at the intersection of a runway with another runway when the former runway is part of a standard taxi route.
The distance from the runway-holding position, intermediate holding position, holding bay or road-holding position to the runway centerline must meet distances specified in tables.

Apron

Apron location must prevent parked aircraft from infringing on the obstacle limitation surface and the transitional surface.
Aprons should be provided to allow passenger, cargo, and mail loading/unloading, as well as aircraft servicing without affecting aerodrome traffic.
Apron grading should prevent water accumulation and avoid sloping towards the terminal building.
Drainage should be provided for apron areas sloping towards the terminal building to direct spilled fuel away from buildings and structures.
Storm-water drains serving the apron area should have flame traps or interceptor pits to contain spilled fuel.

Apron Bearing Strength

CAAP doesn't specify a standard strength, but it needs to be sufficient to prevent safety issues for operating aircraft.
Each apron portion must support the traffic it's intended for, considering higher density traffic and stresses.

Apron Slopes

The slope on an aircraft parking position (aircraft stand) should not exceed 1%.
The slope on other parts of the apron, including aircraft stand taxilane, should be as level as practicable, with a maximum of 2%.

Apron Road

Apron roads for surface vehicles should be positioned at least 3 m away from any parked aircraft at the aircraft parking position.

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Description

This quiz covers important standards and guidelines for stopways and taxiways in aviation. It includes specifications related to dimensions, friction characteristics, slopes, and angles for safe aircraft operations. Test your knowledge of these critical components of airport infrastructure.