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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum altitude increment that must be added to the MOCA to account for wind speed when it exceeds 30 kt?
What is the maximum altitude increment that must be added to the MOCA to account for wind speed when it exceeds 30 kt?
What should pilots do when applying altitude corrections to published Procedure Turn, FAF crossing altitude, or Missed Approach altitude?
What should pilots do when applying altitude corrections to published Procedure Turn, FAF crossing altitude, or Missed Approach altitude?
If the ambient temperature is ISA -20°C, what is the adjustment required for MOCA?
If the ambient temperature is ISA -20°C, what is the adjustment required for MOCA?
What must pilots do if an assigned altitude does not meet the adjusted MOCA criteria?
What must pilots do if an assigned altitude does not meet the adjusted MOCA criteria?
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In which situation is it unnecessary to apply additional altitude corrections?
In which situation is it unnecessary to apply additional altitude corrections?
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When flying within 20 NM of terrain with a maximum elevation exceeding 2000 ft, how is the MOCA adjusted for wind speed of 50 kt?
When flying within 20 NM of terrain with a maximum elevation exceeding 2000 ft, how is the MOCA adjusted for wind speed of 50 kt?
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What altitude corrections must be considered in mountainous regions during cold temperature operations?
What altitude corrections must be considered in mountainous regions during cold temperature operations?
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When are approach altitude corrections not applicable?
When are approach altitude corrections not applicable?
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What should a pilot NOT do when they have accepted an assigned altitude of 8,000 ft in cold temperature conditions?
What should a pilot NOT do when they have accepted an assigned altitude of 8,000 ft in cold temperature conditions?
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What source of temperature values is recommended for altitude correction considerations?
What source of temperature values is recommended for altitude correction considerations?
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Study Notes
Adjustments to Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitudes
- When cruising altitude is near the minimum obstacle clearance altitude (MOCA) and within 20 NM of terrain exceeding 2000 ft elevation, the MOCA must be adjusted for wind speed.
- For every 10 kt above 30 kt, increase MOCA by 500 ft, with a maximum adjustment of 2000 ft.
- Special caution is warranted for areas with marked mountain waves, potentially requiring further altitude increments.
Temperature Corrections
- Low ambient temperatures relative to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) necessitate MOCA adjustments.
- If surface temperature falls below ISA -15°C, increase MOCA as follows:
- ISA -16ºC to ISA -30ºC: Increase by 10%
- ISA -31ºC to ISA -50ºC: Increase by 20%
- Pilots must request a new altitude if the assigned altitude does not meet adjusted MOCA criteria.
Altitude Correction Protocols
- When adjusting altitudes for procedures such as Procedure Turns, FAF crossing, or Missed Approach, pilots must inform Air Traffic Control (ATC) of the correction amounts.
- In some regions, ATC compensates radar vectored altitudes for temperature; no additional corrections are required.
- In mountainous areas, especially during cold operations, all approach procedure altitudes and engine-out minimum acceleration heights need careful evaluation.
Warm Temperature Considerations
- No altitude corrections are necessary for significant warm temperature deviations; altimeters will under-read but won't compromise terrain clearance.
- Valid altitude checks are important during final approach, with guidelines for altitude checks provided:
- ISA + 15° (30° C): Altimeter under-reads by approximately 10%
- ISA + 30° (45° C): Altimeter under-reads by approximately 20%
- Approach procedures or FMC database altitudes should not be amended for warm temperatures.
Usability Criteria for Aerodromes
- The Flight Operations Manager holds responsibility for ensuring selected aerodromes for AEROTRANSCARGO operations are adequate and suitable for the aircraft types.
- Adequate aerodromes must have appropriate runway dimensions and manage significant local obstacles, ensuring performance requirements are met for expected weights during landing and takeoff under varying conditions, including contaminated runways.
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Description
This quiz covers the adjustments to Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitudes (MOCA) in aviation, specifically focusing on the impact of wind speed on cruising altitudes and stabilizing altitudes. Understand the guidelines for correcting MOCA to ensure safety during flight operations near elevated terrain. Test your knowledge on these critical aviation regulations.
