Questions and Answers
What should a pilot do if the standard holding pattern cannot be maintained?
In a holding pattern, what is the maximum angle of bank a pilot should use?
What is the normal outbound timing in a holding pattern at altitudes below FL 140?
Which type of entry to the holding pattern is required on the 045 radial if approaching on the 320 radial?
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In a standard holding pattern, turns are typically made in which direction?
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Which of the following pertains to the outbound timing in a holding pattern at FL 140 and above?
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Which factor is primarily considered when establishing the entry into the holding pattern?
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What is the correct outbound timing for a holding pattern at FL 110?
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What is the normal holding speed for a CATEGORY C aircraft at FL 60?
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Unless specified otherwise, turns after initial entry into a holding pattern shall generally be made in which direction?
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What is the appropriate procedure when making a right turn at the fix below 14000 ft in a standard holding pattern?
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In a holding pattern, how should the turns be made when at a bank angle?
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What type of entry should be made when approaching the holding fix in sector one?
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When is an Expected Approach Time (EAT) communicated to an aircraft in the holding pattern?
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What is the outbound timing for a holding pattern above 14000 ft under still air conditions?
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What is the outbound timing for a holding pattern at or below 14000 ft under still air conditions?
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What is the longest duration to fly the 30-degree leg when joining a holding pattern?
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When an aircraft is inbound to the hold on a track of 190 degrees magnetic and the inbound hold track is 010 degrees magnetic, which entry type is correct?
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What is the minimum permissible holding level clearance above obstacles in the holding area?
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At what bank angle or rate of turn should turns be made in a holding pattern?
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What is the maximum still air time for flying the outbound heading if above 14,000 ft?
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When instructed to hold at a non-standard holding fix, what is the direction of the turns?
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How far does the buffer area extend beyond the boundary of the holding area?
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What obstacle clearance is ensured at a range of 5 nm from the edge of the holding area?
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During turns in a holding pattern, what is the maximum rate of turn required?
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What should a pilot do if unable to follow normal holding procedures?
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In a teardrop entry into a holding pattern, what angle should the aircraft turn from the reciprocal of the inbound track?
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What defines the entry into a holding pattern?
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What is the correct rate of turn in a holding pattern?
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For standard airway holding patterns below 14,000 ft, what is the timing and direction of turns?
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What is the allowable deviation on either side of the track when entering a hold?
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What is the zone of flexibility on either side of the boundary of the entry sectors in a holding pattern?
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What is the minimum obstacle clearance guaranteed at the edge of the buffer area of a holding pattern?
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What type of entry will you perform when holding overhead a VOR on radial 052 while flying inbound on radial 232?
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In an offset entry into an omni-directional racetrack procedure, how long is the time limit on the 30o offset track?
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What is the standard outbound time for left hand turns in a holding pattern?
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Study Notes
Holding Procedures Overview
- Turns in holding patterns should be made at a rate of 3 degrees per second or at a maximum bank angle of 25 degrees, whichever involves a lesser bank.
- Standard holding patterns below 14,000 feet require a right-hand turn with 1 minute outbound timing.
Joining the Holding Pattern
- Deviation allowed on entry is 5 degrees from track.
- A zone of flexibility exists around entry sector boundaries, set at 5 degrees.
- Minimum obstacle clearance guarantees at least 0 feet at the edge of the buffer area, which is 5 nautical miles outside of the holding area.
Entry Types for Holds
- Direct entry is possible when flying directly to the hold. Parallel entry occurs when joining the hold with a specific offset.
- Offset entry requires a divergence of 30 degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound track.
- The outbound timing is 1 minute below FL 140 and 1 minute to 1.5 minutes depending on wind.
Speed and Altitude Specifications
- At FL 60, standard holding speed for Category C aircraft is 230 knots IAS.
- Maximum holding speed at FL 110 is also 230 knots IAS.
Entry Procedures and Timing
- Expected approach times (EAT) are communicated when an aircraft is instructed to hold.
- If unable to comply with holding instructions, immediate notification to ATC and requesting revised clearance is necessary.
- Outbound timing for holds at altitudes above 14,000 feet is typically set at 1 minute 30 seconds.
Direction of Turns and Handling Discrepancies
- Turns in standard holding patterns are to the right unless otherwise specified.
- Non-standard holding patterns dictate that turns generally default to right, but specific circumstances can warrant variations.
- In a teardrop entry, the aircraft should turn onto a heading that diverges 30 degrees from the reciprocal inbound track.
Obstacle Clearance and Buffer Areas
- Minimum obstacle clearance in the hold area is 984 feet.
- The buffer area extends 5 nautical miles beyond the edge of the holding area.
Other Key Considerations
- Non-standard holding patterns are allowed but must adhere to safety protocols relevant to the aircraft's performance.
- All turns after the initial entry should continue in the established standard direction unless otherwise specified.
Summary of Essential Outbound Timing
- 1 minute outbound timing is standard for holdings below FL 140.
- Above FL 140, the outbound timing is typically 1 minute 30 seconds depending on still air conditions.
This structured approach allows for quick reference and understanding of holding procedures essential for pilots in training or regular operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on holding procedures in aviation, focusing on turns, bank angles, and standard patterns. This quiz covers essential rules and reference materials for both pilots and air traffic controllers. Perfect for those studying for ATPL or IR certifications.
