avian pathology
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Questions and Answers

Which organism is responsible for Black head disease?

  • Histomonas melegridis (correct)
  • Mardivirus anatidalpha 1
  • Heterakis gallinarum
  • Avipoxvirus

What is a clinical sign associated with Duck enteritis?

  • Droopiness (correct)
  • Warty growths
  • Yellow droppings
  • Histopathology of liver

Which diagnostic method is used for confirming Avian pox virus?

  • Post mortem examination
  • PCR testing (correct)
  • Viral isolation (correct)
  • Histopathology of the liver

What type of lesions are characteristic of Black head disease?

<p>Multifocal to coalescing, flat, irregularly round lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the causes of Duck enteritis?

<p>Mardivirus anatidalpha 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is NOT associated with Duck enteritis?

<p>Warty growths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a post mortem finding associated with Black head disease?

<p>Necrohemorrhagic hepatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature is seen in the lesions of Duck enteritis?

<p>Multifocal random areas of hepatocellular degeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is associated with Gout?

<p>Increased thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of Ovarian adenocarcinoma?

<p>Genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature characterizes the lesions of Lymphoma?

<p>Firm pale tan nodules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of ovarian adenocarcinoma?

<p>Weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the diagnostic methods for confirming Gout?

<p>Post mortem examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of Gout?

<p>Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the tumors associated with ovarian adenocarcinoma?

<p>Firm, solid, light beige (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of Lymphoma?

<p>Marek's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blackhead disease

A disease in poultry characterized by multifocal to coalescing, well demarcated, flat, irregularly round, red-beige areas bordered by a beige trim in the liver and caecae.

Duck enteritis

A highly contagious and fatal viral disease in ducks, characterized by multifocal random, small well demarcated areas of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, characterized by loss of normal hepatic architecture.

Histomonas meleagridis

The main causative agent of blackhead disease in poultry, a protozoan parasite that infects the liver and caecae.

Avian pox virus

A viral disease of poultry characterized by multifocal to coalescing, well demarcated, round, raised, firm, grey pitted nodules on the skin or mucous membranes.

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Heterakis gallinarum

A roundworm that plays a role in spreading Histomonas meleagridis, the causative agent of blackhead disease.

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Histopathology

This method involves microscopic examination of liver or blind gut tissue to detect lesions and identify the causative agent (Histomonas meleagridis).

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PCR

A type of molecular test that can be used to detect the presence of Histomonas meleagridis DNA in samples, confirming a diagnosis.

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Mardivirus anatidalpha 1

A virus that causes Duck enteritis, leading to vascular damage and necrosis in the liver.

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Ovarian Adenocarcinoma

A type of cancer that affects the ovaries, oviducts, or both, often spreading to the lungs, liver, and peritoneum. It typically presents as firm, solid, light beige tumors and cysts.

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Gout

Inflammation of the joints, characterized by pain, swelling, and deformity, often caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals.

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Lymphoma

A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system and often presents as multifocal, firm, pale tan nodules in the liver.

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Mareks Disease or Avian Leukosis

A type of cancer caused by a virus (Marek's disease virus or avian leukosis virus) that affects the lymphatic system.

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Laboured breathing with plaques

Characterized by labored breathing, emaciation, and microscopic plaques on the skin. This condition can lead to death.

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Enlarged, deformed, and swollen joints

An abnormal enlargement and deformation of the joints, often accompanied by pain and swelling. This condition can occur due to several factors, including genetics, diet, infections, and exposure to environmental toxins.

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Inappetence, Weakness, Ruffled Feathers, Lameness, Dehydration, and Increased Thirst

A condition characterized by loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, ruffled feathers, lameness, dehydration, and thirst.

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Microscopic examination of biopsy

A diagnostic technique involving a microscopic examination of tissue samples, usually taken by biopsy.

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Study Notes

Black Head Disease

  • Lesions: Multifocal to coalescing, well-demarcated, flat, irregularly round, red-beige areas bordered by a beige trim.
  • Clinical signs: Droopy wings, unkempt feathers, yellow droppings, high mortality rate, photophobia, inappetence, extreme thirst.
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Histomonas meleagridis spread by roundworm (Heterakis gallinarum), damage to smaller blood vessels.
  • Diagnosis: Post-mortem examination for typical lesions in the liver and caecae, histopathology, PCR.

Duck Enteritis

  • Lesions: Multifocal to coalescing necroheamorrhagic hepatitis, multifocal, small, well-demarcated areas of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis (loss of normal hepatic architecture), few large clear vacuoles displacing the nucleus (lipid degeneration).
  • Clinical signs: High mortality rate, photophobia, inappetence, extreme thirst, droopiness, ataxia, nasal discharge, soiled vents, diarrhoea
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Mardivirus anatidalpha 1.
  • Diagnosis: Postmortem examination, viral isolation, PCR testing.

Avian Pox Virus

  • Lesions: Warty growths, firm, grey-pitted nodules and plaques, proliferative dermatitis.
  • Clinical signs: Weakness, laboured breathing, emaciation, enlarged, deformed, swollen, painful joints, weight loss, increased thirst, ruffled feathers, lameness, dehydration.
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Avipoxvirus spread by biting insects, direct contact, and aerosols.
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of biopsy, postmortem examination, PCR testing.

Gout

  • Lesions: Enlarged, deformed, swollen, painful joints.
  • Clinical signs: Weight loss, Increased thirst, ruffled feathers, lameness, dehydration
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Diet, genetics, environmental toxins, or infectious agents (IB).
  • Diagnosis: Postmortem examination, Microscopic examination

Ovarian Adenocarcinoma

  • Lesions: Tumour of the ovary, oviduct or both, can metastasize; firm, solid, light beige tumors
  • Clinical signs: Abdominal discomfort, pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, appetite changes, nausea, cysts, diarrhoea, constipation
  • pathogenesis/causes: age, weight
  • Diagnosis: Post mortem

Lymphoma

  • Lesions: Multifocal, firm pale tan nodules that diffusely affect the liver (due to a few diseases like Marek's disease)
  • Clinical Signs: Inappetence, weakness, diarrhoea, dehydration, emaciation
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Marek's disease, Reticuloendotheliosis virus.
  • Diagnosis: Histological examination, Pathological findings

Aspergillosis

  • Lesions: White to yellow nodules, multifocal and diffuse
  • Clinical signs: Coughing, lethargy, tail bobbing, gasping, cyanosis, sudden death, paralysis
  • Pathogenesis/causes: Fungal disease, incubation period 2-5 days.
  • Diagnosis: Lesions, pathological findings

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