Autonomic Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of adrenergic receptor alpha-1 on the detrusor muscle?

Variable response

Relaxation

No effect

Contraction (correct)

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the erection of genitalia?

Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine (correct)

Serotonin

Dopamine

What is the primary action of presynaptic alpha-2 autoreceptors?

Increase neurotransmitter synthesis

Promote smooth muscle contraction

Inhibit NE release (correct)

Enhance ACh release

How do beta-2 adrenergic receptors affect the uterus?

Relaxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholinergic nicotinic receptors in the adrenal medulla?

Secretion of epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What adrenergic receptor subtype mediates relaxation of the sphincter muscle?

Alpha-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is indicated for the treatment of glaucoma?

Pilocarpine Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily associated with ejaculation and vaginal contraction?

Alpha-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of Varenicline?

Smoking cessation Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor subtype is associated with presynaptic inhibition of ACh release in autonomic nerve endings?

Alpha-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is used to manage motion sickness?

Scopolamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ipratropium in treatment protocols?

Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a depolarizing nicotinic receptor antagonist used during surgical paralysis?

Succinylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is utilized for facilitating bladder function in urinary retention?

Bethanechol Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is indicated for Parkinson's disease treatment?

Trihexyphenidyl Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of Methacholine in clinical practice?

Bronchoprovocation testing Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker?

Rocuronium Signup and view all the answers

What condition is treated with Dobutamine?

Cardiogenic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a selective α2 receptor agonist used to treat hypertension?

Clonidine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used for asthma rescue therapy?

Albuterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Tamsulosin?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class does Pseudoephedrine belong to?

Indirect sympathomimetic Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a β3 receptor agonist indicated for overactive bladder?

Mirabegron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is primarily used to treat ADHD?

Methylphenidate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), acting as a conduit between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs.
It regulates subconscious functions of internal organs, modulated by input from the hypothalamus and brainstem, reacting to internal and external stimuli. This includes stimuli interpreted by brain regions like the limbic system and cerebral cortex.
The ANS maintains homeostasis by altering organ functions in response to various stimuli.
It employs a two-neuron efferent pathway.

Anatomical Connections

Parasympathetic: Preganglionic neurons originate in the craniosacral regions of the spinal cord/brainstem, projecting to ganglia near or within the effector organ.
Sympathetic: Preganglionic neurons arise in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, projecting to ganglia near the spinal cord, specifically the sympathetic chain.
The adrenal medulla receives sympathetic innervation, releasing epinephrine directly into the bloodstream.

Neurotransmitters and Receptors

All preganglionic axons release acetylcholine.
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine.
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons primarily release norepinephrine, with acetylcholine release from sweat glands.

Neurotransmitter Pathways

Acetylcholine synthesis and degradation mechanisms are involved.
Norepinephrine synthesis and degradation pathways are presented.
Epinephrine synthesis is detailed.

Receptor Types

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels located at the neuromuscular junction, parasympathetic ganglia, and adrenal medulla.
Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) found on effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, and in some cases, the sympathetic nervous system (like sweat glands).
Adrenergic receptors, also GPCRs, come in alpha (α1, α2) and beta (β1, β2, β3) subtypes, with diverse effects.

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Actions

Detailed tables outlining the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on various organs, including pupil dilation/constriction, glandular secretions, heart rate, and blood vessel constriction/dilation, and other physiological effects.

Autonomic Tone

Autonomic tone is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, influencing organ function based on internal and external stimuli. An imbalance can be linked with various health conditions.

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Description

This quiz covers the key concepts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), including its role in regulating subconscious functions and maintaining homeostasis. Explore the anatomical connections of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, as well as their pathways from the spinal cord and brainstem to peripheral organs.