Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the pancreas?

  • Increased secretion
  • No effect
  • Decreased secretion (correct)
  • Enhanced insulin sensitivity
  • How does parasympathetic stimulation affect the gall bladder?

  • Stimulates contraction (correct)
  • No effect
  • Inhibits contraction
  • Causes relaxation
  • What happens to the heart rate under parasympathetic stimulation?

  • It decreases (correct)
  • It fluctuates unpredictably
  • It increases
  • It stays the same
  • Which of the following is a sympathetic effect on the urinary sphincter?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on bronchioles?

    <p>Dilates bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland experiences greatly increased secretion under parasympathetic stimulation?

    <p>Tear gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the secretion of sweat glands?

    <p>Increases secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect intestinal motility?

    <p>Decreases peristaltic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the muscles of the bladder?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT associated with sympathetic stimulation in the digestive system?

    <p>Increased secretion from the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers are predominantly secreted by the postganglionic sympathetic nerves?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>To control cardiac and smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is NOT associated with parasympathetic outflow?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ganglia of sympathetic nerves typically lie?

    <p>Near the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers do the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons primarily release?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region do sympathetic fibers originate from the spinal cord?

    <p>Thoracolumbar region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the nature of the autonomic nervous system's function?

    <p>It acts autonomously without conscious effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division?

    <p>Short and cholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sympathetic structure is responsible for transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the sympathetic trunk?

    <p>White ramus communicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general effect of the sympathetic nervous system on digestive organs?

    <p>Inhibits digestive activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Controls internal organs and glands without conscious effort.

    • Responsible for regulating smooth, cardiac muscle, and glands.

    • Functions through reflexes, where sensory neurons detect stimuli, which are processed by the brain or spinal cord, then motor neurons trigger actions in effector organs.

    • Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, generally working in opposition. Sympathetic nerves excite (except some digestive organs), and parasympathetic nerves inhibit (except some digestive organs).

    Sympathetic Division

    • Most sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine, known as adrenergic fibers.

    • Ganglia are located close to the CNS, along the vertebral column.

    • Fibers originate from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (mostly thoracic) (T1 - L2).

    • Characterized by short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers.

    • Preganglionic neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord produce the lateral horns.

    • Preganglionic fibers leave the cord via the ventral root, pass through the white ramus communicans, and enter the paravertebral chain ganglion, forming part of the sympathetic trunk (chain).

    • All sympathetic preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine.

    • Most postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine.

    • Postganglionic fibers run from the ganglion to the organs they supply.

    Parasympathetic Division

    • Preganglionic fibers arise from the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord (S2 - S4).

    • Ganglia are near the visceral organs they serve.

    • Long preganglionic fibers, short postganglionic fibers.

    • All fibers release acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers).

    Cranial Nerves with Parasympathetic Outflow

    • Oculomotor nerve III

    • Facial nerve VII

    • Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

    • Vagus nerve X

      • Vagus nerve branches within the thorax:

        • Cardiac: supply the heart.
        • Pulmonary: supply the lungs and bronchi.
        • Esophageal: supply the esophagus.
      • Vagus nerve forms the Vagal Trunk upon reaching the esophagus.

    Effects of Autonomic Stimulation

    • Skin:

      • Apocrine gland
        • Sympathetic: ↑ secretion
        • Parasympathetic: No Action
      • Eccrine gland
        • Sympathetic: ↑ secretion
        • Parasympathetic: No Action
    • Special senses:

      • Iris of eye
        • Sympathetic: dilation
        • Parasympathetic: constriction
      • Tear gland
        • Sympathetic: inhibitory
        • Parasympathetic: greatly ↑ secretion
    • Endocrine system:

      • Adrenal cortex & Adrenal medulla
        • Sympathetic: ↑ secretion
        • Parasympathetic: No Action
    • Digestive system:

      • Gall bladder
        • Sympathetic: relaxation
        • Parasympathetic: contraction
      • Intestine
        • Sympathetic: ↓ peristaltic Action
        • Parasympathetic: ↑ peristaltic Action
      • Pancreas
        • Sympathetic: ↓ secretion
        • Parasympathetic: ↑secretion
    • Respiratory system:

      • Sympathetic: dilate bronchioles
      • Parasympathetic: constrict bronchioles
    • Heart muscle:

      • Sympathetic: ↑rate of heartbeat
      • Parasympathetic: ↓ rate of heartbeat
    • Blood vessels

      • Supplying skin and other blood vessels
        • Sympathetic: constriction
        • Parasympathetic: no action
    • Muscles of bladder:

      • Sympathetic: relaxation
      • Parasympathetic: contraction
    • Urinary sphincter:

      • Sympathetic: contraction
      • Parasympathetic: relaxation
    • Penis:

      • Sympathetic: causes erection
      • Parasympathetic: causes ejaculation
    • Vagina:

      • Sympathetic: causes erection of clitoris
      • Parasympathetic: causes contraction of vagina

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the Autonomic Nervous System, which controls internal organs and glands autonomously. Dive into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, their reflexive functions, and the organization of sympathetic nerves along the spinal cord.

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