Podcast
Questions and Answers
During exercise, how does the autonomic nervous system maintain homeostasis?
During exercise, how does the autonomic nervous system maintain homeostasis?
- By dynamically balancing the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches according to the body's needs. (correct)
- By maintaining a static balance, with neither branch dominating
- By solely relying on the parasympathetic branch to conserve energy.
- By suppressing both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity to stabilize bodily functions.
Increased sympathetic activity during exercise directly causes which of the following?
Increased sympathetic activity during exercise directly causes which of the following?
- Decreased heart rate and decreased contractility
- Increased heart rate and increased contractility (correct)
- Decreased heart rate and increased digestion
- Decreased respiratory rate and increased digestion
Which of the following actions is primarily associated with parasympathetic nervous system activity?
Which of the following actions is primarily associated with parasympathetic nervous system activity?
- Decreased heart rate (correct)
- Bronchodilation to improve oxygen intake
- Increased sweat production
- Increased heart rate to enhance blood flow
What is the expected effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles in the lungs?
What is the expected effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles in the lungs?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
During exercise, the autonomic nervous system adjusts blood flow. How is this primarily accomplished?
During exercise, the autonomic nervous system adjusts blood flow. How is this primarily accomplished?
In the lungs, stimulation of which receptor type by its respective neurotransmitter leads to bronchodilation, increasing minute ventilation?
In the lungs, stimulation of which receptor type by its respective neurotransmitter leads to bronchodilation, increasing minute ventilation?
What is the role of peripheral receptor feedback during exercise?
What is the role of peripheral receptor feedback during exercise?
What effect does endothelial release of Nitric Oxide have on peripheral blood vessels and what system triggers it?
What effect does endothelial release of Nitric Oxide have on peripheral blood vessels and what system triggers it?
Which neurotransmitter primarily mediates the 'fight or flight' response by increasing heart rate and contractility?
Which neurotransmitter primarily mediates the 'fight or flight' response by increasing heart rate and contractility?
Which autonomic effectors are primarily innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
Which autonomic effectors are primarily innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
Which receptor type is responsible for increasing cardiac contractility?
Which receptor type is responsible for increasing cardiac contractility?
Which of the following describes how the autonomic nervous system affects the SA node?
Which of the following describes how the autonomic nervous system affects the SA node?
What is the mechanism by which Acetylcholine affects bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction?
What is the mechanism by which Acetylcholine affects bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction?
How is minute ventilation affected by the sympathetic nervous system?
How is minute ventilation affected by the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following would occur at the start of exercise?
Which of the following would occur at the start of exercise?
Which neurotransmitter/receptor combination causes smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels serving skeletal muscles?
Which neurotransmitter/receptor combination causes smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels serving skeletal muscles?
How might the autonomic nervous system respond to intense exercise to help maintain blood pressure?
How might the autonomic nervous system respond to intense exercise to help maintain blood pressure?
What best describes the interplay between the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems during exercise?
What best describes the interplay between the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems during exercise?
If a drug selectively blocked beta-1 adrenergic receptors, what effect would this have on cardiovascular function during exercise?
If a drug selectively blocked beta-1 adrenergic receptors, what effect would this have on cardiovascular function during exercise?
Flashcards
Homeostasis in ANS
Homeostasis in ANS
Dynamic balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.
Parasympathetic (PSNS)
Parasympathetic (PSNS)
Dominates during rest; rest and digest.
Sympathetic (SNS)
Sympathetic (SNS)
Dominates during exercise , fight or flight.
Exercise and Oxygen
Exercise and Oxygen
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Organs Innervated by ANS
Organs Innervated by ANS
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SNS Effect on Heart
SNS Effect on Heart
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PNS Effect on Heart
PNS Effect on Heart
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SNS effect on Lung
SNS effect on Lung
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PNS effect on Lung
PNS effect on Lung
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SNS Effect on Peripheral Vessels
SNS Effect on Peripheral Vessels
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PNS Effect on Peripheral Vessels
PNS Effect on Peripheral Vessels
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SNS Function Beta 1
SNS Function Beta 1
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SNS Function Beta 2
SNS Function Beta 2
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SNS Function Alpha 1
SNS Function Alpha 1
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Onset of Exercise ANS
Onset of Exercise ANS
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During Exercise
During Exercise
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Study Notes
- The role of the autonomic nervous system in exercise is maintaining homeostasis via a dynamic balance between its branches.
Homeostasis and the Autonomic Nervous System
- Homeostasis is a dynamic balance between the autonomic branches.
- During rest, parasympathetic activity dominates, facilitating rest and digestion.
- During exercise, sympathetic activity dominates, preparing the body for fight-or-flight.
Organs Innervated by the Autonomic Nervous System
- Organs crucial for exercise are innervated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
- These organs include the heart, peripheral blood vessels, and lungs, supporting aerobic activity.
- The ANS increases oxygen supply to muscles and blood flow to meet exercise demands.
Autonomic Effects on the Heart
- SNS stimulates the heart via β1 receptors, using Noradrenaline (NA).
- SNS stimulation of the atria and ventricles increases contractility.
- SNS increases heart rate via stimulation of the SA node.
- PNS influences the heart via Muscarinic receptors, using Acetylcholine (ACh).
- PNS decreases cAMP levels in the SA node, reducing heart rate.
- PNS does not directly reduce heart contractility but influences the rate.
Heart Stimulation
- Sympathetic nervous system stimulation increases heart rate and contractility.
- Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation decreases heart rate with no effect on contractility.
Autonomic Effects on the Lungs
- SNS in the lungs uses the β2 receptor.
- NA triggers bronchodilation which increases minute ventilation.
- Minute ventilation is the total air volume entering the lungs per minute.
- PNS in the lungs uses the muscarinic receptor.
- It uses ACh for bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction, causing bronchoconstriction.
- Bronchoconstriction decreases the diameter of the bronchioles.
- Bronchodilation (due to SNS) relaxes bronchiolar smooth muscle, increasing bronchiole diameter.
Autonomic Effects on Circulation
- SNS uses α1 receptor, NA, and causes vasoconstriction in peripheral blood vessels.
- PNS (indirectly) uses muscarinic receptors, ACh, and endothelial release of Nitric Oxide, leading to vasodilation.
Summary of ANS Effects During Exercise
- During exercise, the SNS uses NA acting on β1 receptors to increase cardiovascular function (heart rate, cardiac contractility).
- β2 receptors on smooth muscle cause relaxation in bronchioles.
- α1 receptors cause smooth muscle contraction in arterioles of non-active organs.
Exercise Start and Continuation
- At the start of exercise, the CNS sends signals to increase SNS and decrease PNS activity.
- As exercise continues, peripheral receptor feedback is sent to the CNS to regulate/adjust its response, further increasing SNS and decreasing PNS.
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