Autonomic Nervous System Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

  • To control skeletal muscle movement
  • To facilitate conscious effort
  • To maintain homeostasis despite external and internal environmental perturbations (correct)
  • To regulate emotional responses
  • What is the term sometimes used to describe the autonomic nervous system?

  • Voluntary nervous system
  • Involuntary nervous system (correct)
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Central nervous system
  • Which of the following tissues is NOT under the control of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Adipose tissue
  • What would be the consequence of lacking an autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Severely compromised ability to adapt to environmental stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotional experiences?

    <p>It plays a role in the body's response to emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the functions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Because many prescription and over-the-counter drugs exert their actions on the elements of the autonomic nervous system or its effector targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>SNS, PNS, and ENS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

    <p>They are located at all spinal segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sympathetic nervous system based on the location of its preganglionic neurons?

    <p>Thoracolumbar division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the white rami communicans?

    <p>To separate sympathetic preganglionic axons from the ventral root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some sympathetic preganglionic neurons terminate?

    <p>On the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of paravertebral ganglia in the spinal cord?

    <p>Adjacent to each thoracic and upper lumbar spinal segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the axons of preganglionic neurons?

    <p>They travel rostrally and caudally to terminate on postganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and neurologic disorders?

    <p>Many neurologic disorders are associated with autonomic dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the parasympathetic nervous system due to the location of its preganglionic neurons?

    <p>Craniosacral division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion receives projections from the superior salivatory nucleus of the facial nerve?

    <p>Sphenopalatine ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neurons in the Edinger Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nerve?

    <p>Innervation of the ciliary muscle and sphincter constrictor muscle of the iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the autonomic nervous system includes cervical ganglia that provide innervation to structures in the head?

    <p>Sympathetic chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion receives projections from the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

    <p>Otic ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neurons in the superior salivatory nucleus of the facial nerve?

    <p>Innervation of the lacrimal glands and nasal and palatine mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vagal preganglionic fibers synapse?

    <p>In ganglia cells clustered within the walls of visceral organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the parasympathetic nervous system innervates the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes?

    <p>Dorsal motor vagal nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for innervating the pelvic viscera?

    <p>Sacral outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of Horner syndrome?

    <p>Anhidrosis (reduced sweating), ptosis (drooping eyelid), and miosis (constricted pupil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare disorder resulting from interruption of preganglionic or postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the face?

    <p>Horner syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Drugs, neurodegenerative diseases, trauma, inflammatory processes, and neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do neurons in the dorsal motor vagal nucleus innervate?

    <p>Esophagus, trachea, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Horner syndrome?

    <p>Triad of anhidrosis, ptosis, and miosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Horner syndrome often the result of?

    <p>All the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically unilateral?

    <p>The symptoms of Horner syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Horner syndrome characterized by?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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