Autonomic Nervous System Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

  • To control skeletal muscle movement
  • To facilitate conscious effort
  • To maintain homeostasis despite external and internal environmental perturbations (correct)
  • To regulate emotional responses

What is the term sometimes used to describe the autonomic nervous system?

  • Voluntary nervous system
  • Involuntary nervous system (correct)
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Central nervous system

Which of the following tissues is NOT under the control of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Adipose tissue

What would be the consequence of lacking an autonomic nervous system?

<p>Severely compromised ability to adapt to environmental stressors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotional experiences?

<p>It plays a role in the body's response to emotional experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the functions of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Because many prescription and over-the-counter drugs exert their actions on the elements of the autonomic nervous system or its effector targets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>SNS, PNS, and ENS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

<p>They are located at all spinal segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sympathetic nervous system based on the location of its preganglionic neurons?

<p>Thoracolumbar division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the white rami communicans?

<p>To separate sympathetic preganglionic axons from the ventral root (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do some sympathetic preganglionic neurons terminate?

<p>On the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distribution of paravertebral ganglia in the spinal cord?

<p>Adjacent to each thoracic and upper lumbar spinal segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the axons of preganglionic neurons?

<p>They travel rostrally and caudally to terminate on postganglionic neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and neurologic disorders?

<p>Many neurologic disorders are associated with autonomic dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the parasympathetic nervous system due to the location of its preganglionic neurons?

<p>Craniosacral division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglion receives projections from the superior salivatory nucleus of the facial nerve?

<p>Sphenopalatine ganglion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neurons in the Edinger Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nerve?

<p>Innervation of the ciliary muscle and sphincter constrictor muscle of the iris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the autonomic nervous system includes cervical ganglia that provide innervation to structures in the head?

<p>Sympathetic chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglion receives projections from the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

<p>Otic ganglion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neurons in the superior salivatory nucleus of the facial nerve?

<p>Innervation of the lacrimal glands and nasal and palatine mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do vagal preganglionic fibers synapse?

<p>In ganglia cells clustered within the walls of visceral organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the parasympathetic nervous system innervates the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes?

<p>Dorsal motor vagal nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for innervating the pelvic viscera?

<p>Sacral outflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of Horner syndrome?

<p>Anhidrosis (reduced sweating), ptosis (drooping eyelid), and miosis (constricted pupil) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare disorder resulting from interruption of preganglionic or postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the face?

<p>Horner syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Drugs, neurodegenerative diseases, trauma, inflammatory processes, and neoplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do neurons in the dorsal motor vagal nucleus innervate?

<p>Esophagus, trachea, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Horner syndrome?

<p>Triad of anhidrosis, ptosis, and miosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Horner syndrome often the result of?

<p>All the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically unilateral?

<p>The symptoms of Horner syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Horner syndrome characterized by?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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