Autonomic Ganglia Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of autonomic ganglia in the nervous system?

  • Producing neurotransmitters independently
  • Organizing motor neuron pathways
  • Relaying preganglionic nerves and originating postganglionic nerves (correct)
  • Acting as sensory input centers

    • Which type of autonomic ganglia forms the sympathetic chain alongside the vertebral column?

  • Terminal ganglia
  • Lateral ganglia (correct)
  • Collateral ganglia
  • Cranial ganglia

    • What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Nor-epinephrine (correct)
  • Serotonin
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine

    • Which type of ganglia is located near or on the walls of effector organs?

    <p>Terminal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes collateral ganglia from other types of autonomic ganglia?

    <p>They are located in the abdomen near the aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in chemical transmission at autonomic junctions?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Sensory information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are activated by acetylcholine in the autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic receptors are present in all organs innervated by sympathetic postganglionic fibers?

    <p>Alpha and Beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of release for noradrenaline in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Postganglionic sympathetic neurons, except those innervating sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fiber is characteristic of the parasympathetic system?

    <p>Long cholinergic preganglionic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system is true?

    <p>It primarily releases noradrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system releases acetylcholine at all postganglionic neurons?

    <p>Cholinergic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the autonomic nervous system, which of the following is true regarding the types of receptors?

    <p>Adrenergic receptors include both α and β types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Ganglia

    • A collection of nerve cells outside the CNS.
    • Contains the nerve cells of the postganglionic neurons.

    Types of Autonomic Ganglia

    • Lateral ganglia:
      • Form the sympathetic chain on both sides of the vertebral column.
      • Sites of relay of preganglionic sympathetic fibers only.
    • Collateral ganglia:
      • Present in the abdomen, near the big branches of the aorta.
      • Site of relay of preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, but mainly sympathetic.
    • Terminal ganglia:
      • Present near or on the wall of effector organs.
      • Site of relay of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers only.

    Functions of Autonomic Ganglia

    • Relay stations for preganglionic nerves and origin for postganglionic nerves.
    • Distributing centers.
    • Site of action of drugs.

    Chemical Transmission at Autonomic Junctions

    • Transmission between pre and post-ganglionic neurons and between post-ganglionic neurons and effector organs is chemically mediated by neurotransmitters.
    • The principal transmitter agents involved are acetylcholine and nor-epinephrine.
    • Neurotransmitters exert their actions by combining with specific receptors in the post-synaptic membrane.

    Chemical Divisions of the ANS

    • Cholinergic system: Releases acetylcholine.
    • Noradrenergic system: Releases noradrenaline.

    Acetylcholine

    • Sites of release:
      • All preganglionic neurons (autonomic ganglia)
      • All parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons.
      • Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscles.

    Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)

    • Sites of release:
      • All sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons except those that innervate sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscles.

    Adrenergic Receptors

    • Types: α (alpha) and β (beta) adrenergic receptors.
    • Found in all the organs innervated by the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system.
    • Activated by noradrenaline.

    Cholinergic Receptors

    • Types: Muscarinic (M) and Nicotinic (N) receptors.
    • Muscarinic receptors: Present in all the organs innervated by the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system.
    • Nicotinic receptors: Present in the autonomic ganglia.
    • Receptors are activated by acetylcholine.

    Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Systems

    • Origin of preganglionic fiber:
      • Sympathetic: Thoracic (T1-T12) and lumbar (L1-L3) segments of the spinal cord.
      • Parasympathetic: Cranial (III, VII, IX & X) and sacral (S2-S4) segments of the spinal cord.
    • Origin of postganglionic fiber:
      • Sympathetic: Sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia.
      • Parasympathetic: Terminal ganglia or collateral ganglia.
    • Type of preganglionic fiber:
      • Sympathetic: Short cholinergic.
      • Parasympathetic: Long cholinergic.
    • Type of postganglionic fiber:
      • Sympathetic: Long adrenergic (most).
      • Parasympathetic: Short cholinergic.
    • Type of receptors:
      • Sympathetic: α (alpha) and β (beta) adrenergic receptors.
      • Parasympathetic: Nicotinic and muscarinic (cholinergic) receptors.

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    Related Documents

    BMS231 Physiology - Fall 2023 Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the structure and functions of autonomic ganglia, including the types such as lateral, collateral, and terminal ganglia. This quiz will test your knowledge on their roles in the autonomic nervous system and their significance in chemical transmission.

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