Questions and Answers
What component connects the piston to the crankshaft in an engine?
Which device is primarily used to increase the engine speed?
What term describes the distance moved by a piston between the top dead center and bottom dead center?
What is the term for the reduction of engine speed or flow of fuel?
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Which device allows fluid flow in one direction only?
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What component ignites the fuel-air mixture in a gasoline engine?
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During the power stroke of an engine, which valve is open?
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Which term refers to the usable power delivered by the engine?
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What is indicated horsepower related to?
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What space exists when the piston is at the top dead center?
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What component of force primarily contributes to the operation of a savonius windmill?
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How many piston strokes occur in one full revolution of the crankshaft?
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Which type of pump is best suited for multi-bladed windmills?
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Which device is responsible for connecting or disconnecting the engine crankshaft to the transmission?
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What type of wind energy resource is typically found at an altitude of 10-16 km with high wind velocities?
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What is LPG primarily composed of?
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In multi-bladed wind pumps, which component is responsible for converting rotational movement into reciprocating action?
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What is the ideal air-fuel ratio by weight for methane (CH4)?
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Which tail type is considered most effective for multi-bladed wind pumps in windy areas?
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What is the ideal air-fuel ratio for cetane (C16H34)?
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What efficiency metric can surpass 100% while a windmill is in operation?
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What is the octane rating of a mixture of 3 liters of normal heptane and 27 liters of isooctane?
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What is the primary role of the rotor in windmill mechanics?
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Which aspect of wind farm development should be prioritized at the initial stage?
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What is the suitable C-N ratio for anaerobic digestion of agriwaste?
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What is required to transesterify raw vegetable oil into cocomethyl ester?
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Which sequence best illustrates the anaerobic digestion process?
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What operating principle does Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) resemble?
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What causes the OTEC fluid to flow and rotate the turbine?
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Which of the following is not a form of ocean energy?
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What system closely resembles the principle of geothermal power?
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What effect does shading half of a solar module by a coconut tree have?
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Which positive polarity wire should be connected last to the battery control unit during solar panel installation?
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What is the likely voltage reading of a solar home system at 8:00 P.M. when all loads are turned on?
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At noon on a sunny day in the Philippines, which is the likely voltage reading of a solar battery charger with no battery connected?
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What would be the expected voltage reading of a solar pump without a battery when the load is turned on at noon?
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What material is primarily used in the composition of solar cells?
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What is the likely voltage output of a solar battery charger at 2:00 P.M. when there is high sunlight?
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Which type of battery is commonly used in solar-powered energy systems?
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Study Notes
Engine Components and Functions
- Piston: Moves within the cylinder block to convert energy from combustion into mechanical work.
- Accelerator: A device used to control the throttle and increase engine speed.
- Stroke: The distance the piston travels from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC).
- Throttling: A process that reduces engine speed or limits fuel flow.
- Check Valve: Ensures the flow of fuel and exhaust gases occurs only in one direction.
- Spark Plug: Delivers ignition to gasoline engines, initiating the combustion process.
Engine Performance Metrics
- Indicated Horsepower: Maximum theoretical horsepower delivered by the engine.
- Brake Horsepower: Usable power output measured at the engine's output shaft.
- Clearance Volume: The space available when the piston is at top dead center.
Mechanical Operations
- Piston Strokes: In one revolution of the crankshaft, the piston moves twice.
- Clutch: Connects or disconnects the engine crankshaft from the transmission.
Fuel and Combustion
- LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas): A mixture of butane and propane used as engine fuel.
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Ideal Air-Fuel Ratios:
- Methane (CH4): 17.3:1 by weight.
- Cetane (C16H34): 15:1 by weight.
- Octane Rating of Fuel Mixture: A mixture of 3 liters of normal heptane and 27 liters of isooctane yields an octane rating of 90.
Wind Energy Systems
- Savonius Windmills: Utilize drag force to operate, favoring simple design and low-speed applications.
- Reciprocating Pump: Suitable for multi-bladed windmills to convert rotational motion into reciprocating action.
- Efficiency Exceeding 100%: Volumetric efficiency can exceed this value during windmill operation.
- Jet Stream: Located 10-16 km above the Earth's surface, with wind speeds exceeding 150 kph.
Solar Energy Systems
-
Solar Panel Performance: Voltage readings vary based on time and conditions.
- 8 PM: 11-13 V when all loads are on.
- Noon (sunny): 20-22 V without battery charging, 16-19 V with load.
- Installation Protocol: Positive polarity wire from the battery should be connected last to the battery control unit.
- Material in Solar Cells: Primarily consists of silicon with a small amount of boron.
Biofuels and Energy Conversion
- Biodiesel (Cocomethyl Ester): Produced by transesterifying raw vegetable oil using alcohol, it is eco-friendly and similar to diesel.
- Anaerobic Digestion Process: Follows the sequence: Biomass → saccharification → fermentation.
- Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Operates similar to a refrigerator, using temperature differences to create flow and generate turbine rotation.
Geothermal and Ocean Energy
- Geothermal Power Principle: Resembles a kettle, using heat from the Earth to generate energy.
- Types of Ocean Energy: Includes wave, tidal, and thermal energy; transtidial is not a recognized form.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential automotive components, including the piston, throttle systems, and engine mechanics. This quiz covers fundamental concepts that every aspiring mechanic should understand. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about automotive technologies.
