Automatic Processing and Controlled Processing Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used for the information that is the focus of people’s attention?

  • Experimenter bias
  • Self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Situational causes
  • Perceptual salience (correct)

    • Which type of mental processing involves forming conclusions based on stimuli encountered in the environment?

  • Top-down processes
  • Controlled thinking (System 2)
  • Bottom-up processes (correct)
  • Automatic thinking (System 1)

    • What leads to individuals acting in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations?

  • Direct experience
  • Experimenter bias
  • Pluralistic ignorance
  • Self-fulfilling prophecy (correct)

    • What is the term for a false impression of how other people are thinking, feeling, or responding?

    <p>Pluralistic ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for thinking strategies that enable quick, efficient judgments?

    <p>Heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing involves 'theory-driven' processing and interpreting new information in light of pre-existing knowledge and expectations?

    <p>Top-down processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias involves the tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions?

    <p>Confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mental processing is quick, effortless, non-conscious, and habitual?

    <p>Automatic thinking (System 1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the representativeness heuristic involve?

    <p>Presuming that an individual belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on other’s behavior called?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but did not?

    <p>Counterfactual thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the illusion of control involve?

    <p>Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case?

    <p>Availability Heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that, in order to form an attribution about what caused a person’s behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence (or absence) of possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs?

    <p>Kelley’s Covariation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where once a belief is formed, it can be resistant to change, even in the face of discrediting information?

    <p>Belief Perseverance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the tendency to ignore base rate information?

    <p>Base rate fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the effortless automatic inference of a trait after exposure to someone’s behavior?

    <p>Spontaneous trait inference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences how we think about and perceive the social world, leading us to store or remember positive information when in a positive mood, and negative information when in a negative mood?

    <p><strong>Mood</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mental rule of thumb whereby people base a judgment on the ease with which they can bring something to mind?

    <p><strong>Availability Heuristic</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bottom-up processes involve?

    <p>Forming conclusions based on stimuli encountered in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where beliefs lead to their own fulfillment?

    <p>Self-fulfilling prophecy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing involves 'theory-driven' processing and interpreting new information in light of pre-existing knowledge and expectations?

    <p>Top-down processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pluralistic ignorance' refer to?

    <p>A false impression of how other people are thinking, feeling, or responding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects?

    <p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mental processing involves simultaneous use of bottom-up and top-down processes to perceive and understand the social world?

    <p>Social cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to ignore base rate information?

    <p>Representativeness heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to mistakenly attributing a behavior to the wrong cause(s)?

    <p>Misattributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the illusion of control involve?

    <p>Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for thinking strategies that enable quick, efficient judgments?

    <p>Heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but did not?

    <p>Counterfactual thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on other’s behavior?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to ignore base rate information?

    <p>Base rate fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mental shortcut involves classifying something according to how similar it is to a typical case?

    <p>Representativeness heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) refer to?

    <p>Underestimating dispositional influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is the focus of people's attention in Kelley's Covariation model?

    <p>Consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Availability Heuristic involve?

    <p>Mental shortcut based on ease of recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the phenomenon where once a belief is formed, it can be resistant to change?

    <p>Belief perseverance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that, in order to form an attribution about what caused a person’s behavior, we systematically note the pattern between possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs?

    <p>Kelley’s Covariation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendency involves imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but did not?

    <p>'Memory construction'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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