Podcast
Questions and Answers
What color signal does signal No.7 display when a train occupies section 7AT?
What color signal does signal No.7 display when a train occupies section 7AT?
- Double Yellow
- Green
- Red (correct)
- Yellow
Which signal displays a Yellow aspect when the train is at section 7AT?
Which signal displays a Yellow aspect when the train is at section 7AT?
- Signal No.3
- Signal No.5 (correct)
- Signal No.7
- Signal No.1
Why is it important to maintain a distance between a red signal and a caution signal?
Why is it important to maintain a distance between a red signal and a caution signal?
- To prevent signal interference
- To ensure the braking distance is met (correct)
- To provide clearer visibility of signals
- To allow for train acceleration
Which of the following statements about the sequence of signal aspects is true?
Which of the following statements about the sequence of signal aspects is true?
What does a Double Yellow signal indicate?
What does a Double Yellow signal indicate?
What automatically controls the movement of trains in an Automatic Block System?
What automatically controls the movement of trains in an Automatic Block System?
Which of the following is a requirement for an Automatic Block System?
Which of the following is a requirement for an Automatic Block System?
What must be true for an Automatic Signal to change to 'OFF'?
What must be true for an Automatic Signal to change to 'OFF'?
What is one advantage of the Automatic Block System?
What is one advantage of the Automatic Block System?
What does the illuminated 'A' sign indicate in an Automatic stop signal?
What does the illuminated 'A' sign indicate in an Automatic stop signal?
How long must a train stop at an automatic stop signal set at 'ON' during the day before proceeding?
How long must a train stop at an automatic stop signal set at 'ON' during the day before proceeding?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Automatic Block System?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Automatic Block System?
What color is the 'A' marker in Automatic stop signals?
What color is the 'A' marker in Automatic stop signals?
What does the illuminated ‘A’ sign indicate when functioning as an automatic stop signal?
What does the illuminated ‘A’ sign indicate when functioning as an automatic stop signal?
When will the ‘AG’ sign be displayed on a level crossing gate signal?
When will the ‘AG’ sign be displayed on a level crossing gate signal?
What is a key feature of the automatic signalling section?
What is a key feature of the automatic signalling section?
Which of the following statements about the level crossing gate signals is true?
Which of the following statements about the level crossing gate signals is true?
In what scenario would the illuminated ‘A’ sign NOT appear?
In what scenario would the illuminated ‘A’ sign NOT appear?
What does the presence of multiple automatic stop signals indicate on the running road?
What does the presence of multiple automatic stop signals indicate on the running road?
What functional difference exists between automatic and semi-automatic signals?
What functional difference exists between automatic and semi-automatic signals?
What happens when a train passes through an automatic stop signal?
What happens when a train passes through an automatic stop signal?
What does the GECR circuit primarily indicate in terms of signal conditions?
What does the GECR circuit primarily indicate in terms of signal conditions?
Which component is essential for rear signal protection according to the GECR?
Which component is essential for rear signal protection according to the GECR?
Which of the following components would be found in the signal layout depicted in the figures?
Which of the following components would be found in the signal layout depicted in the figures?
How many TPR components are indicated in the provided automatic signal circuits?
How many TPR components are indicated in the provided automatic signal circuits?
In the context of the automatic signalling layout, what does the term 'HR circuit' refer to?
In the context of the automatic signalling layout, what does the term 'HR circuit' refer to?
What is the minimum distance designated as 'overlap' for Automatic Signalling?
What is the minimum distance designated as 'overlap' for Automatic Signalling?
What is the primary function of the 3 RECR component in the diagram?
What is the primary function of the 3 RECR component in the diagram?
What aspect must an Automatic Stop Signal assume for it to change from 'ON' to 'OFF'?
What aspect must an Automatic Stop Signal assume for it to change from 'ON' to 'OFF'?
What does the term 'berthing track' refer to in the context of Automatic Signalling?
What does the term 'berthing track' refer to in the context of Automatic Signalling?
Which of the components listed is indicated to be a part of the ECPR circuit?
Which of the components listed is indicated to be a part of the ECPR circuit?
When are 4-aspect signals required in Automatic Signalling?
When are 4-aspect signals required in Automatic Signalling?
What acronym represents the rear signal circuit condition proven by the GECR?
What acronym represents the rear signal circuit condition proven by the GECR?
In the context of signal circuit layouts, what does the 'T' in '8T' likely represent?
In the context of signal circuit layouts, what does the 'T' in '8T' likely represent?
What is the purpose of defining the end of overlap for an Automatic Stop Signal?
What is the purpose of defining the end of overlap for an Automatic Stop Signal?
What happens if the distance between signals is not adequate?
What happens if the distance between signals is not adequate?
Why is it necessary to have overlapping track in Automatic Signalling?
Why is it necessary to have overlapping track in Automatic Signalling?
What does bifurcation of the track circuit at 120 meters imply?
What does bifurcation of the track circuit at 120 meters imply?
What condition causes the 3 GECR relay to pick up?
What condition causes the 3 GECR relay to pick up?
Which relay is responsible for proving the Red lamp protection for Signal No.3?
Which relay is responsible for proving the Red lamp protection for Signal No.3?
What does the 3 ECPR1 relay control?
What does the 3 ECPR1 relay control?
Which aspects cause the 3 ECPR2 relay to pick up?
Which aspects cause the 3 ECPR2 relay to pick up?
What happens when the 3 GECR relay picks up at the Signal No.3 location?
What happens when the 3 GECR relay picks up at the Signal No.3 location?
Which condition is indicated for the 1 DR relay to function?
Which condition is indicated for the 1 DR relay to function?
What is the primary role of the 1 HHR relay mentioned?
What is the primary role of the 1 HHR relay mentioned?
Which signal aspect must be displayed for 3 ECPR1 to pick up?
Which signal aspect must be displayed for 3 ECPR1 to pick up?
Flashcards
Automatic Block Working
Automatic Block Working
A system where train movements are controlled by automatic stop signals that are triggered by the passage of trains.
Automatic Signalling Section
Automatic Signalling Section
A section of track between two automatic stop signals, where only one train is allowed at a time.
Automatic Stop Signal
Automatic Stop Signal
A signal that automatically stops a train if the track ahead is occupied.
A Marker
A Marker
A black 'A' marker on a white background, indicating an Automatic Stop Signal.
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Semi-Automatic Signal
Semi-Automatic Signal
A stop signal that can be controlled manually or automatically.
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Illuminated 'A' Sign
Illuminated 'A' Sign
The illuminated 'A' sign on a semi-automatic signal, indicating it's operating as an Automatic Stop Signal.
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Automatic Signal 'ON'
Automatic Signal 'ON'
The state of a signal when it is allowing trains to pass through.
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Automatic Signal 'OFF'
Automatic Signal 'OFF'
The state of a signal when it is prohibiting trains from passing through.
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Automatic Level Crossing Gate Signal
Automatic Level Crossing Gate Signal
A type of level crossing gate signal that operates automatically. It includes a yellow circular disc with a black letter 'G' and an illuminated letter 'A' against a black background.
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Semi-Automatic Level Crossing Gate Signal
Semi-Automatic Level Crossing Gate Signal
A type of level crossing gate signal that operates semi-automatically. It includes an illuminated letter 'A' sign that lights up when the gate is closed, indicating a stop signal.
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Illuminated 'AG' Light on Level Crossing Gate Signal
Illuminated 'AG' Light on Level Crossing Gate Signal
Indicates that points in the route for trains are correctly set and locked, but the level crossing gate is defective. The signal acts as an automatic stop when this light is illuminated.
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Automatic Signalling Section Length
Automatic Signalling Section Length
The distance between two consecutive Automatic Stop Signals, within which the automatic signalling system functions.
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Four Aspect Automatic Signaling
Four Aspect Automatic Signaling
A type of signaling system where signals display different aspects (Red, Yellow, Double Yellow, Green) based on the occupancy of sections ahead of the signal. This system ensures safe train movements by controlling the distance between trains.
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Signal Aspects in Four Aspect System
Signal Aspects in Four Aspect System
The signal closest to a train (signal No. 7) displaying Red (danger) means that the track ahead is occupied, while the signals further back display Yellow (caution) for one section ahead clear, Double Yellow (attention) for two sections ahead clear, and Green (clear) for three sections ahead clear.
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Breaking Distance in Four Aspect System
Breaking Distance in Four Aspect System
The minimum distance between a signal displaying Red (danger) and a signal displaying Yellow (caution) must be sufficient to allow a train to stop if necessary. This ensures a safe braking distance.
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Signaling Section
Signaling Section
A section of track between two consecutive signals in a four aspect automatic signaling system. It represents a controlled space where only one train is allowed at a time.
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Train Occupying 7AT Section
Train Occupying 7AT Section
A train occupying the section after passing signal No. 7, meaning three sections ahead of the signal are clear, allowing for free movement.
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Overlap in Automatic Signalling
Overlap in Automatic Signalling
The minimum distance between two automatic stop signals, ensuring the track ahead is clear before a signal can change to 'off' (allow trains to pass).
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Berthing Track
Berthing Track
The track section extending beyond the overlap, up to the next automatic stop signal.
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Bifurcation Point
Bifurcation Point
The point where the track circuit is divided, separating the overlap track from the berthing track, located 120 meters before the signal.
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Signalling Section with Less Than Breaking Distance
Signalling Section with Less Than Breaking Distance
A situation where the distance between consecutive signals is less than the braking distance of a train, requiring four-aspect signals for better control and increased capacity.
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Headway Reduction
Headway Reduction
The ability to move a train through a signalling section more frequently, reducing waiting times and optimizing track usage.
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Breaking Distance
Breaking Distance
The distance a train takes to come to a complete stop from a certain speed.
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3 GECPR relay
3 GECPR relay
A relay that picks up when the signal at location No. 3 displays any aspect (Green, Double Yellow, Yellow or Red). It is used for Red lamp protection at signal No. 3.
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3 ECPR1 relay
3 ECPR1 relay
A relay that picks up when Signal No. 3 displays any one of the OFF aspects (Green, Attention or Caution). It controls the 1HHR relay, proving that Signal No. 3 is displaying the Attention Aspect.
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3 ECPR2 relay
3 ECPR2 relay
A relay that picks up when Signal No. 3 displays either Green or Double Yellow aspect. It is used, along with 3 ECPR1, to control the 1DR relay, indicating that the section is clear for the next train to proceed.
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1 TPR relay
1 TPR relay
A relay at Signal No. 1 that is activated by 3 GECPR and 1HYR, proving that Signal No. 3 is displaying any aspect and the section ahead is clear.
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1 DR relay
1 DR relay
A relay that picks up when 3 ECPR1 and 3 ECPR2 relays are active, indicating that Signal No. 3 is displaying a clear aspect and the section ahead is clear.
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1 HHR relay
1 HHR relay
A relay controlled by 3 ECPR1 and 3 GECPR, indicating that Signal No. 3 is displaying the Attention Aspect and the section ahead is clear.
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1 HR relay
1 HR relay
A relay that is activated when 3 GECPR is active, proving that Signal No. 3 is displaying any aspect, but does not indicate whether the section is clear.
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1 HYR relay
1 HYR relay
A relay that is activated when 3 GECPR is active and Signal No. 1 is not displaying a blank aspect, indicating that the section ahead is clear.
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Automatic Block Signalling
- Automatic Block Working: A train control system where train movement is governed by automatic stop signals.
- Automatic signals operate automatically as trains enter and exit defined sections.
- Essentials of Automatic Block System:
- Line track circuited or axle counters for automatic sections.
- Automatic signals for controlling train movement.
- Maintaining line clearance in advance of signals.
- Automatic Block System Applications:
- Trains are controlled by stop signals throughout the line.
- Specific sections are governed by automatic stop signals.
- Advantages of Automatic Block Signalling:
- Increased line capacity due to automatic train control.
- Reduced reliance on human intervention.
- Trains can stop safely at signals.
- Train movements are controlled by automatic stop signals.
- The line capacity increases, with less dependence on human agencies.
- Automatic stop signals can be passed at ON position per General Rule 9.02, after stopping one minute during the day and two minutes at night.
- Automatic signalling increases line capacity without needing more stations.
Markers in Automatic Stop Signals
- 'A' Marker: Black marker on a white background for all automatic block signals.
- Semi-automatic signals have illuminated 'A' markers.
- Illuminated 'A' sign indicates the signal is working as an automatic stop signal.
- Illuminated 'A' sign does not light when the signal operates as a manual stop signal.
- 'A' & 'G' marker at LC Gates:
- Yellow circular disc with 'G' and illuminated 'A'.
- 'A' marker lights when level crossing gates are closed.
- Level Crossing Gate Signal (points in route): Illuminated 'A' and 'AG' signs are used.
- 'A' Sign lights when level crossing is closed, and points are set correctly.
- 'AG' sign lights if the level crossing gate is defective.
Automatic Signalling Sections
- Automatic Signalling Section is defined as the part of running road between consecutive automatic signals.
- Each part is protected by an automatic stop signal.
- Automatic stop signals control train entry into these sections.
- Signals operate automatically based on train movement.
Adequate Distance/Overlap and Berthing Track
- Overlap distance: Minimum 120 meters of clear track beyond the next signal to allow the signal to go to the "OFF" position.
- Berth track: Remaining track length beyond the overlap section.
- Essential part of Automatic Block System.
Four-Aspect Automatic Signalling
- Up to 3 aspects (Red, Yellow, Green) or 4 aspects (Red, Yellow, Double Yellow, Green).
- Used when distances are shorter between signals or to improve line capacity.
- The aspects sequence depends on whether the train has occupied one, two, three sections before the signal.
Automatic Signal Circuits
- Circuits control signal indications based train position.
- Different relays and contacts control signal display aspects.
- Circuits ensure proper coordination between signals.
Controlling Circuit for Signal No. 1
- 3 GECR relay picks up when signal displays an aspect (Green, Double Yellow, Yellow, Red) and position.
- This relay relays signal display status to another point.
- Other relays control signal indications and aspects.
Exercise Questions
- Advantages of automatic signalling
- Procedure for passing a signal at danger
- Adequate distance/overlap in automatic signalling
- Various markers used, with details
- Definition of berthing track
- Lab model layout with 'A' and 'A' board signal counts
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