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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis?
Which type of autoimmune hepatitis is associated with antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs)?
What is the prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis?
Which antibodies are characteristic of Type 2 AIH?
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Which age range shows a bimodal distribution for autoimmune hepatitis?
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Which type of autoimmune hepatitis is most common in children?
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Which of the following autoimmune conditions is commonly associated with idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis?
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What are the common nonspecific symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis?
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What signs may indicate acute liver failure in autoimmune hepatitis?
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Which laboratory test results are typically elevated in autoimmune hepatitis?
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When should liver biopsy be performed to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis?
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What is the first-line induction therapy for autoimmune hepatitis?
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What is the 10-year survival rate with treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis
- The main characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis is the immune system's attack on the liver cells, causing inflammation and damage.
Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is associated with antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs).
Prevalence and Distribution
- The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis is unknown, but it has a bimodal distribution, affecting mainly young women in their teens and twenties, and women in their fifties and sixties.
Type 2 Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by the presence of liver-kidney microsomal antibodies (LMK-1) and liver cytosol antibodies (LC-1).
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children
- Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common type in children.
Associated Conditions
- Idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis is often associated with other autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis, and ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms and Signs
- Common nonspecific symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
- Signs that may indicate acute liver failure include jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools.
Laboratory Tests
- Laboratory test results typically elevated in autoimmune hepatitis include transaminases (ALT and AST), gamma-globulins, and IgG levels.
Diagnosis
- Liver biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, especially if laboratory tests are inconclusive.
Treatment
- The first-line induction therapy for autoimmune hepatitis is corticosteroids, which can induce remission in 80% of patients.
- With treatment, the 10-year survival rate for autoimmune hepatitis is around 90%.
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Description
Test your knowledge about autoimmune hepatitis, a disease characterized by immunemediated liver injury, serum antibodies, peripheral blood T lymphocytes, association with other autoimmune diseases, and high levels of serum immunoglobulins.
