Autoimmune Diseases Quiz 19.2
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes autoimmune diseases?

  • Diseases caused by environmental factors
  • Diseases caused by genetic factors
  • Diseases caused by the immune system attacking the body's own cells (correct)
  • Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses

    • What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in autoimmune diseases?

  • They cause cross-reactivity and autoimmunity
  • They attack the body's own cells
  • They induce tolerance in normal, healthy states (correct)
  • They have no role in autoimmune diseases

    • What can cause autoimmune diseases?

  • Bacterial infections only
  • A combination of genetics and environmental factors (correct)
  • Genetics only
  • Environmental factors only

    • Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Diseases caused by the immune system attacking the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They induce tolerance in normal, healthy states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Diseases caused by the immune system attacking the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They induce immune tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is antigen mimicry?

    <p>When pathogens mimic the body's own antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autoimmune diseases target specific organs or tissues?

    <p>Organic autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

    <p>Weight loss, abdominal pain, and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cold intolerance, muscle weakness, and painful and stiff joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>A disease caused by the immune system attacking the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies and immune complexes damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>Fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, and anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells destroying adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They can have mixed symptoms that flare up and disappear, making diagnosis difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces tolerance in normal, healthy states?

    <p>The immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to cross-reactivity and autoimmunity?

    <p>Antigen mimicry between pathogen antigens and self-antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of beta cells in the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Goiter, cold intolerance, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Addison's disease?

    <p>Weakness, nausea, hypotension, and circulatory system collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is caused by cytokine activation of keratinocytes?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of adrenal gland cells by cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is a TH1 cell-mediated disease that causes goiter, cold intolerance, and fatigue?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease results from a reaction to gluten and is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune diseases is caused by autoantibodies that target thyroid gland cells?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>The immune system attacks the body's own cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a loss of immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in preventing autoimmune responses?

    <p>They induce tolerance and prevent autoimmune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is antigen mimicry?

    <p>When pathogens mimic the body's own cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

    <p>Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, a sunlight-sensitive &quot;butterfly&quot; rash, skin lesions, photosensitivity, decreased kidney function, memory loss, confusion, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytokine activation of keratinocytes?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas?

    <p>Type I diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of adrenal gland cells by cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, and a sunlight-sensitive 'butterfly' rash?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Addison's disease?

    <p>Weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a diagnosis of SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of the most common symptoms and a positive test for ANAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Organ-specific autoimmune diseases target specific organs or tissues, while systemic autoimmune diseases target multiple organs or tissues throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Organ-specific autoimmune diseases target specific organs or tissues, while systemic autoimmune diseases target multiple organs or tissues throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytokine activation of keratinocytes?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by the destruction of adrenal gland cells by cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Addison disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, a sunlight-sensitive "butterfly" rash, skin lesions, photosensitivity, decreased kidney function, memory loss, confusion, and depression?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells attacking adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Goiter and cold intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Extreme muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint inflammation and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a diagnosis of SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They induce tolerance in normal, healthy states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells destroying adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by goiter, cold intolerance, and fatigue?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells destroying pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by visual disturbances, muscle weakness, and impaired cognitive function?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting joint cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of decreased kidney function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting kidney cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) confirmed?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autoimmune disease specifically targets the adrenal gland, resulting in weakness, nausea, hypotension, and circulatory system collapse?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, and malnutrition due to autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of autoimmune disease results in hyperglycemia, extreme thirst and urination, weight loss, and extreme fatigue due to cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, resulting in hyperthyroidism with rapid and irregular heartbeat, heat intolerance, weight loss, goiter, and exophthalmia?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland, resulting in thyroiditis with goiter, cold intolerance, muscle weakness, and painful and stiff joints?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system, resulting in visual disturbances, muscle weakness, impaired coordination and balance, numbness, prickling or “pins and needles” sensations, impaired cognitive function, and memory loss?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction, resulting in extreme muscle weakness eventually leading to fatal respiratory arrest?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by cytokine activation of keratinocytes, resulting in itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales commonly affecting elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms, and feet?

    <p>Psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints, resulting in joint inflammation, pain and disfigurement, and chronic systemic inflammation?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues, resulting in fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, a sunlight-sensitive 'butterfly' rash, skin lesions, photosensitivity, decreased kidney function, memory loss, confusion, and depression?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Identification of four of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T and B cells in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>They induce tolerance in normal, healthy states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells destroying adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of insulin-producing β cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells attacking adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Organ-specific diseases target specific organs or tissues, while systemic diseases target multiple organs or tissues throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cold intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Extreme muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Sunlight-sensitive 'butterfly' rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Destruction of adrenal gland cells by cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a diagnosis of SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Organ-specific autoimmune diseases target specific organs or tissues, while systemic autoimmune diseases target multiple organs or tissues throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, a sunlight-sensitive 'butterfly' rash, skin lesions, photosensitivity, decreased kidney function, memory loss, confusion, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a diagnosis of SLE?

    <p>Identification of any 4 of the most common symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of celiac disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies targeting cells of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type I diabetes?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>A combination of genetics and environmental influences such as infections, medications, and chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organ-specific autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Diseases that target specific organs or tissues such as celiac disease, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and Addison disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells targeting adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Cold intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Addison's disease?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Graves' disease?

    <p>Autoantibodies that target thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of type I diabetes?

    <p>Extreme thirst and urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Genetics and environmental influences such as infections, medications, and chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of adrenal gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and autoantibodies attacking the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cell destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of psoriasis?

    <p>Cytokine activation of keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement activation, phagocytes, and T cells damaging membranes and bone in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules forming immune complexes that deposit in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for SLE?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors within the neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Destruction of adrenal gland cells by cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Severe diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis?

    <p>Cold intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Extreme fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Extreme muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of psoriasis?

    <p>Itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint inflammation, pain and disfigurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, hair loss, anemia, clotting, a sunlight-sensitive 'butterfly' rash, skin lesions, photosensitivity, decreased kidney function, memory loss, confusion, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a diagnosis of SLE made?

    <p>Identification of four of 11 of the most common symptoms and confirmed production of an array of autoantibodies unique to SLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antigen mimicry in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>It leads to cross-reactivity and autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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