72 Questions
According to Bugelski, what does learning involve?
Acquisition of new elements of knowledge, skills, beliefs, and specific behavior
Which principle of learning from Horne and Pine highlights the importance of personal meaning and relevance of ideas?
Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and relevance of ideas
According to Horne and Pine, what is one of the richest resources for learning?
The learner himself
What does learning as an evolutionary process imply?
Learning involves continual adaptation to the environment
What is the teaching approach that works best for auditory learners?
Lecturing
Which perceptual channel is most preferred by tactile learners?
Tactile perception channel
According to Robert Gagne’s Cumulative Learning, what must a learner do before reaching the next step in the hierarchy of learning?
Master each step
What is the simplest form of learning known as classical conditioning?
Signal Learning
What does Thorndike's Law of Exercise state?
Connections between stimulus and response are strengthened as they are used.
According to Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning Theory, which theory has become the most influential theory of learning and development?
Social cognitive learning theory
What is the primary characteristic of continuity in assessment?
It should be continuous
What is the main purpose of a psychological test as mentioned in the text?
Measuring intelligence or mental ability without reference to what students have learned
What is the scope of content for a mastery test according to the text?
Covers specific objectives and measures fundamental skills and abilities
What distinguishes verbal and non-verbal tests according to the text?
Use of words by students in attaching meaning to or responding to test items in verbal tests
What type of learning involves the assimilation of values, emotional reactions, and acquisitions of attitudes?
Affective learning
Which learning style prefers to learn by being creative and using imagination?
The Intuitive-Feeling or Self-Expressive Learner
What does Thorndike's Stimulus-Response (S-R) or Association Theory focus on?
Affective learning
Which type of learning involves understanding the external world through the senses and muscles?
Psychomotor learning
What is the main characteristic of Insight learning?
Ability to foresee things based on reaction in advance
Which type of learner prefers to learn by seeing tangible results and knowing exactly what is expected of them?
The Sensing-Thinking or Master Learner
In which phase of facilitating learning do students gain a wider view of the lesson but at the same time draw closer to the main topic?
Abstraction
Which type of learner prefers to learn by studying about ideas and how things are related, planning and carrying out a project of their own making and interest?
The Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learner
What is the goal of education according to the text?
Acquisition of skills, knowledge, and understanding
What does 'trial and error' mean according to the text?
Attempts to meet a situation in various ways until the correct responses are found more or less accidentally
Which of the following represents the three stages of Jerome Bruner's model for turning experiences into knowledge?
Enactive mode, Iconic, Symbolic
In David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, what are the two different ways of grasping experience?
Active Experimentation, Reflective Observation
Which concept from Merlin Wittrock's Generative Learning Theory involves the learner integrating new information with knowledge already collected and stored?
Integration
What is the main goal of recall in Generative Learning Theory?
Accessing information stored in long-term memory
Which type of transfer occurs when learning in one context improves performance in some other context?
Positive transfer
In Jerome Bruner’s model for turning experiences into knowledge, what do children use to represent something else or create their own images?
Iconic mode
According to Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory, which process involves planning or trying out what has been learned?
Active Experimentation
What does the Enactive mode refer to in Jerome Bruner's model for turning experiences into knowledge?
Using physical actions to represent and understand experiences.
What does the Symbolic stage entail in Jerome Bruner's model for turning experiences into knowledge?
Representing and understanding using words and ideas.
What is the aim of integration according to Merlin Wittrock’s Generative Learning Theory?
Integrating new information with existing knowledge.
According to the Social Cognitive Learning Theory, learning through observation involves four separate processes. Which one of the following is NOT one of these processes?
Imitation
What is the emphasis of Wolfgang Kohler's Insight Theory?
Understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem
Which process of meaningful learning describes the accommodation of new information by changing or expanding the concept?
Correlative Subsumption
According to Gestalt Theory, which principle emphasizes that elements should be organized into simplistic figures based on their symmetry, smoothness, and regularity?
Simplicity
What does Ausubel's Meaningful Reception Theory emphasize as essential for learning new knowledge?
Relationship to relevant concepts already known
In the context of Social Cognitive Learning Theory, what must observers do in order to learn through observation?
Recognize and remember the observed behavior
Which theory claims that learning occurs as a result of or through experiences?
Gestalt Theory
What does the Gestalt Theory view as greater than the sum of its parts?
Change in overt behavior
'Production' is one of the separate processes involved in learning through observation according to the Social Cognitive Learning Theory. What does this process require observers to be?
(A) Physically and intellectually capable of performing the act
Which type of transfer involves applying skills and knowledge in situations that change?
Far transfer
What type of training usually involves tasks that are procedural in nature and applied the same way every time?
Near transfer
Which theory of transfer of learning is advocated by connectionism and states that transfer is facilitated by similar factors in different learning situations?
Identical elements theory
Which theory of transfer of learning emphasizes the importance of being in the best frame of mind and aware of the meanings of situations and experiences?
Gestalt theory
What is the term for motivation originating from the student’s inner self, from finding pleasure in the activity itself?
Intrinsic motivation
Which principle of motivation states that internal motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than external motivation?
Internal motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than is external motivation.
Which theory of motivation asserts that people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs?
Drive Theory (Clark Hull)
What kind of motivation originates from the learning environment, such as the expectation of punishment and reward?
Extrinsic motivation
What is the main focus of portfolio assessment?
To measure the growth and development of students
What type of evaluation aims to find out the causes of recurring learning problems?
Diagnostic evaluation
What does 'clarity of the learning targets' in assessment refer to?
The specificity and importance of learning targets
Which type of learning target involves problem solving and critical thinking?
Deep understanding and reasoning
When is formative evaluation conducted?
During instruction and not graded
What does validity in assessment refer to?
The degree to which a score-based inference is appropriate, reasonable, and useful
What does authenticity in assessment emphasize?
Touching real life situations
What does balance in assessment methods refer to?
Assessing all domains of learning
What is the focus of placement evaluation?
Assessing learner’s entry behavior or capability for beginning instruction
What is the purpose of diagnostic evaluation?
To determine recurring or persistent learning difficulties
What is the main focus of portfolio assessment?
To measure the growth and development of students
According to Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, what does self-efficacy refer to?
An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to reach a goal
According to Edward Deci and Richard Ryan's theory of self-determination, what is relatedness in the context of motivation?
The need for a sense of belonging and connectedness with others
In John Atkinson's Expectancy-Value theory, what must people believe to be motivated to perform a task?
They must believe that they can accomplish the task
What does Attribution Theory, as proposed by Bernard Weiner, explore?
How people make sense of their world and the cause and effect inferences they make about behaviors
What is a characteristic of performance assessment?
It involves asking students to perform real-world tasks demonstrating application of essential knowledge and skills
What does the term 'assessment' refer to?
The process of gathering and organizing data into an interpretable form to have basis for decision making
When does 'Assessment for learning' occur?
When teachers use inferences about student progress to inform their teaching
What is the main difference between 'Assessment as learning' and 'Assessment for learning'?
'Assessment as learning' occurs when students reflect on and monitor their progress to inform their future learning goals, while 'Assessment for learning' occurs when teachers use evidence of student learning.
What is an example of traditional assessment?
'Basic Concepts Test'
What does the term 'measurement' refer to?
A process of quantifying an individual’s achievement, personality, and attitudes by means of appropriate measuring instruments
Test your knowledge about authentic assessment strategies that focus on real-life contexts, ill-structured challenges, and long-range projects. Explore how tasks are designed to incorporate real-life problems and solutions, emphasizing processes and rationales over a single correct answer.
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