Australia's Health Status and Epidemiology

• Australians generally have good health compared to other countries, with long life expectancy, declining death rates, and reasonable healthcare access.
• Priority health issues require attention from federal, state, and local governments and support organizations, affecting overall health and the economy.
• Certain groups in society, some diseases, and population structure changes can affect the types of health services needed.

Measuring Health Status

• Health status refers to the population's overall health pattern over a period.
• Health status is measured by epidemiology and information collection and data
• Epidemiology studies disease patterns in groups, determining causes, indicators, and Australia's health priorities.
• Mortality and morbidity, use of health services, facilities, and preventative programs are used to measure health status

Epidemiology

• Epidemiology helps researchers and health authorities describe and compare health patterns in groups, communities, and populations.
• Epidemiology Identifies health needs, allocates resources, evaluates control strategies, and promotes behaviors for better health.
• Epidemiology has limitations, including not always showing variations in health status among population subgroups accurately indicating the quality of life.
• Epidemiology focuses on direct measures of ill-health patterns of death and therefore may not measure everything about health status

Measures of epidemiology

• Mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, and life expectancy are common health indicators in a community.
• The number of deaths in a group or from a disease over time is mortality.
• Cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases are the main causes of death in Australia
• Mortality rates refer to standardized death rates.
• Deaths per 100,000 is decreasing.
• Improvements in road safety, reduced smoking, and advancements in disease prevention, detection, and treatment all contribute to the trend in morality.
• the number of cases of a particular disease within a population is morbidity
• The disease with the biggest burden is easy to treat and increase certain risk factors like High BP

Infant mortality

• declining in Australia, improved medical diagnosis and treatment helps increase health outcomes
• lower, due to Improved sanitation, education, and parents as well as infant support services.
• In 2016, the infant mortality rate reached a record low of 3.1 deaths per 1000 live births
• The life expectancy of a baby boy (2012-2014) is roughly 80. A baby girl 84. This compares to 47 and 50 in 1890 according to the ABS.

Life Expectancy

• improvements due to medical advances, infectious disease control, hygiene, sanitation, better nutrition, working conditions, and reduced smoking
• It is the number of years a person is expected to live linked to low infant mortality.
• In Australia 2020: men - 85.3 years and females - 88 years
• ASTI people have roughly 10 years less life expectancy

Factors affecting health

• Equity, diversity and supportive environments are the three principles of Health
• Equity the fair allocation of resources without discrimination
• Diversity and participation - the involvement of the community in making decisions about health.
• Supportive environments provide physical and social conditions that affect people's lives.
• Socio-economically disadvantaged people higher risk cardiovascular disease
• Priority population groups experience the greatest level of injury and illness and include ATSI people and lower economic groups

How to determine a health priority

• By looking at the prevalence - the current number of cases of a disease or illness affect the economy and health.
• Risk factors in the environment assist in knowing what to change.
• Knowing what is preventable (potential for prevention and early intervention) as well as being about to educate about the risk.
• Finding the costs to the individual and community can reduce individual autonomy

Social determinants that decrease autonomy

• Lower economic status, physical and geographical environments and sociocultural factors

Costs to the individual of disease

• Costs to diagnose, treating, and caring for the sick is a direct cost
• Indirect costs the emotional stress and value when people were too Ill to work

Social Justice and Health

• social justice refers to the values that favor measures that aim at decreasing or eliminating inequity.
• The population is also aging
• No greater difference in health than the Torres Strait Islander Population vs average
• ATSI two thirds die before the age of 65 - four higher mortality - prefers elders to western healthcare - lives geographically far and has low access to healthcare and low education
• Individuals should be able to make their own decisions
• It is important to promote personal behavior

Other groups that experience health inequities

• Poorer byeducation, low education and low income, poor housing groups have characterizations with reduced life expectancy and pressure by income
• People rurally have higher cardiovascular and circulatory issues

Australia's Priority Health Issues

• Australia's priority is that there are preventable chronic conditions, injury and mental health problems.
• CVD cardiovascular is the greatest contributor to burden of disease
• Cardio problems are increased by smoking and obesity

CVD types

• Cardiovasular problems are caused by blocked vessels - stroke heart failure and attacking
• CVD leads to 1 in 4 deaths

Cancer

• Increasing in women in Australia and the problem are uncontrolled growths of genetics

Types of Cancer

• Carcinoma and Sarcoma and Leukemia
• Cancer can spread or meta-size

Risk of cancers

• High if exposed to unprotected sun or had asbestos or have non healthy behaviors like low veggie intake and high alcohol smoking,

Diabetes

• Diabetes the body does not affect the ability of sugar increase as age increases

Respiratory disease (asthma)

• Respiratory diseases come from the lungs because constricted

Injury

• Injuries include loss of productivity

What are Mental health problems?

Depression, anxiety suicide is important in mental and holistic health

Growing and aging population

• Aging poplulation high demand for care

Healthy Aging

• Healthy aging is to is to allow elderly to help into maintain aging - but there are shortages

Availability of Care

• Elderly comes from family and services with organizations to provide community

Australian HealthCare

• Australian Healthcare is still important and complex of state and local and governments
• The government is the commonwealth Medicare, state territory, local and private

Hospital care is two types

• Hospital - provide health and there is care long term
• Private is private non government while public and funds by state

How is Non institutional

• Non government doctors
• Equity for health

Equity Medicare advantages and disadvantages and has insurance

• Medicare gives equity but and cost and has a bulk billing choice