Australian History (1850-1901)
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the Australian government's opposition to Chinese immigration in the late 19th century?

  • Concerns over the spread of diseases from China
  • Economic competition from Chinese businesses
  • Fear of Chinese military invasion
  • Cultural and racial prejudice against Chinese immigrants (correct)
  • What was the main goal of the 'protection' policies implemented by governments towards Aboriginal populations?

  • To provide education and healthcare to Aboriginal populations
  • To control and manage Aboriginal populations under the assumption of their incapability (correct)
  • To forcibly remove Aboriginal children from their families
  • To promote Aboriginal culture and identity
  • What was the outcome of the 1900 vote on federation in Western Australia?

  • WA was not involved in the vote on federation
  • WA voted no to federation with a late sign in 1900 (correct)
  • WA voted yes to federation
  • WA abstained from the vote on federation
  • What was the name of the first Prime Minister of Australia?

    <p>Edmund Barton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the removal of Aboriginal children from their families during the early years of federation?

    <p>To destroy Aboriginal culture and identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the gold rushes on the Australian population between 1851 and 1871?

    <p>The population grew from 430,000 to 1.7 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the law that was one of the first to be placed in Australia, reflecting a single British identity?

    <p>Immigration Restriction Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the experience of Indigenous Australian soldiers during World War I?

    <p>They were treated equally to other soldiers and assigned to various units (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Harvester Case in 1907?

    <p>It guaranteed a basic wage for workers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for Australia's desire to federate as a nation?

    <p>To eliminate the inefficiency of each state having its own laws and defence force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Pensions Act 1908 on Australian society?

    <p>It provided a pension for men over 65 and financial assistance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Australia referred to as 'terra nullius'?

    <p>Because the British government acted as if it was uninhabited. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the experience of migrants coming to Australia?

    <p>They faced cultural adjustment and had to adapt to a new way of life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of European settlement on Aboriginal people?

    <p>They were forcibly moved to missions and reserves, and died from introduced diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the typical working day like for Australians during the 19th century?

    <p>8 hours work, 8 hours play, 8 hours sleep. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of 1901 in Australian history?

    <p>It was the year Australia became a nation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Australian History (1850-1901)

    • Period from 1850 to 1890 marked a boom time for Australian colonies, with increasing wealth for workers and investment.
    • Post-1890, banks failed, jobs were lost, and people lost their homes.
    • The Harvester case (1907) introduced a guaranteed basic wage, enough to support a man and his family.
    • The Pensions Act (1908) provided a pension for men over 65 and financial assistance.
    • The Maternity Allowances Act (1908) provided financial assistance to mothers.

    Working Conditions

    • The typical day was divided into 8 hours of work, 8 hours of play, and 8 hours of sleep.
    • Males and females began working at 14.
    • A man's wage was twice that of a woman.
    • Women began working in 1942, during World War II.
    • Men were offered a pension if they lived to 65 or over.

    Australian Self-Government

    • Influenced by the end of convict transportation and the growing proportion of free-born members.
    • Ideas inspired by the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.

    Indigenous Australians

    • Australia was referred to as "terra nullius" because the British government acted as if the land was uninhabited, ignoring the Aboriginal people's presence.
    • Aboriginal people were forcibly moved to missions and reserves, intended to "civilize" and "Christianize" them.
    • They died from introduced diseases like smallpox, influenza, and measles.
    • Cultural practices were denied.

    Federation and National Identity

    • Australia became a nation on January 1st, 1901, when 6 British colonies united to form the Commonwealth of Australia.
    • The inefficiency of each state having its own laws, defense force, railways, and trades led to federation.
    • The Immigration Restriction Act (White Australian Policy) was implemented to promote a single British identity.

    Aboriginal Treatment and Policies

    • Aboriginal children were removed from their families in an attempt to destroy their culture and identity (the "Stolen Generation").
    • Segregation, displacement, and protection policies aimed to control and manage Aboriginal populations.
    • Assimilation policies encouraged Aboriginal people to adopt European customs, lifestyles, and Christianity.
    • Denial of rights, including voting, education, and healthcare.

    Indigenous Australian Soldiers

    • Enlistment challenges included discrimination and barriers, but restrictions were relaxed over time due to increased demand for soldiers.
    • Trained alongside other soldiers and assigned to various units during World War II.

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    Explore the significant events and milestones in Australian history from 1850 to 1901, including economic booms, social reforms, and legislative changes.

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