Auditing Techniques & Internal Audit Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential drawback of test-checking in auditing?

  • Test-checking makes it impossible for auditors to use their professional judgement.
  • Test-checking can lead to a more comprehensive audit, encompassing every transaction.
  • Test-checking is unsuitable for businesses with strong internal controls.
  • Test-checking can result in a higher risk of missing errors and fraud. (correct)

Why is test-checking considered less reliable than a full audit?

  • Test-checking is only suitable for companies with weak internal controls.
  • Test-checking does not guarantee the detection of all errors and fraudulent activities. (correct)
  • Test-checking can be easily manipulated by the client's staff.
  • Test-checking relies on the auditor's personal judgement, which can be flawed.

What is a key factor to consider when deciding whether to use test-checking in an audit?

  • The strength of the company's internal controls. (correct)
  • The availability of technology for data analysis.
  • The complexity of the company's business model.
  • The auditor's level of experience in the industry.

What is the primary benefit of classifying and stratifying transactions before performing test-checking?

<p>It allows the auditor to prioritize selecting transactions for review. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should auditors take to mitigate the risks associated with test-checking?

<p>Conduct a 100% review of transactions in high-risk areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of revealing the details of test-checking to the client's staff?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the auditor mitigate the risk of their personal judgement influencing the selection of transactions for test-checking?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid precaution to take when using test-checking in an audit?

<p>Reviewing transactions from the beginning of the audit period to ensure that all potential errors and frauds are detected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the risk of under-reliance and incorrect rejection cause?

<p>An increase in the cost of the audit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the tolerable error and the sample size?

<p>The tolerable error and sample size are inversely proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining the expected error in a population, what should the auditor consider?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the risk of overreliance and incorrect acceptance result in?

<p>A decrease in the effectiveness of the audit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a strong system of internal control on the audit sample size?

<p>It requires a smaller sample size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "tolerable error" represent in compliance procedures or tests of controls?

<p>The maximum deviation from a prescribed control procedure that the auditor is willing to accept as tolerable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the auditor's willingness to accept sampling risk affect the sample size?

<p>The lower the risk, the smaller the sample size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the audit sample size?

<p>To provide a reasonable basis for expressing an opinion on the financial statements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the company auditor's report regarding internal controls under CARO, 2003?

<p>To evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the company's internal control system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of internal control systems as described in the text?

<p>Internal control systems can be easily circumvented by sophisticated hackers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that the company auditor considers when evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system?

<p>The cost of implementing the internal control system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in addressing the limitation of 'Unusual Transactions' in internal control systems?

<p>Developing a system that can adapt to changing business needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why the text emphasizes the importance of the auditor's role in evaluating internal control systems?

<p>To ensure that the company's financial statements are prepared accurately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a potential risk associated with a lack of effective internal controls over cash sales?

<p>Cash sales may be unrecorded, leading to lost revenue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the example provided, what is the purpose of having the counter salesman prepare the cash-memo in quadruplicate for each cash sale?

<p>To provide a means of tracking the cash flow through different departments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the 'PAID' stamp applied to the cash-memo copies in the example of cash sales?

<p>To acknowledge that the customer has paid the cashier for the goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which auditing technique involves examining documents and records to confirm the authenticity of transactions?

<p>Inspection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of auditing, what does 'observation' involve?

<p>Witnessing a process or procedure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which auditing technique is particularly relevant in assessing the accuracy of financial transactions recorded in the books of account?

<p>Computation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of 'confirmation' in auditing?

<p>Obtaining information from outside sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an audit procedure according to AAS-5?

<p>Risk assessment procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an example of an accounting ratio used for analytical review?

<p>Debt-to-equity ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between audit techniques and audit procedures?

<p>Techniques relate to specific steps, while procedures are broader methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the increasing use of computerized accounting systems impact the relevance of the 'computation' auditing technique?

<p>It makes this technique less necessary due to automated accuracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of auditing, what is the primary purpose of 'Compliance Procedures'?

<p>To assess the effectiveness of internal controls by examining a small sample of transactions in detail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of 'Test Checking' in auditing?

<p>Test checking is primarily applied to non-similar and extraordinary transactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary rationale behind using 'Test Checking' in auditing?

<p>To obtain reliable and sufficient evidence regarding the financial statements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common substantive procedure used by auditors during an audit?

<p>Trend Analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would an auditor perform 'Ledger Scrutiny' as a substantive procedure?

<p>To verify the accuracy of individual entries in the general ledger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing 'Vouching', an auditor would typically use which of the following documents to confirm the existence of a particular transaction?

<p>Sales invoice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'Compliance Procedures' and 'Substantive Procedures'?

<p>Compliance Procedures focus on internal control while Substantive Procedures focus on the accuracy of financial statements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the approach taken by auditors when using 'Test-Checking'?

<p>Selecting a small sample of transactions and examining them in detail. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern the auditor should have when using the systematic sampling method?

<p>Making sure the sampling interval doesn't align with a pattern in the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of haphazard sampling?

<p>It involves a deliberate attempt to include or exclude specific items. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of evaluating sample results in an audit?

<p>To identify and assess the nature, cause, and potential impact of errors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In haphazard sampling, what is the primary concern about selecting easily located items?

<p>It can result in an unrepresentative sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a qualitative aspect of an error that an auditor should consider?

<p>The nature of the error. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the auditor determine whether an item in the sample constitutes an error?

<p>By referring to the relevant audit objectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an auditor identifies an error in a sample item, what is the next step?

<p>Analyze the error and consider its potential impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of an auditor when designing a sample?

<p>To ensure the sample is representative of the entire population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Auditing Techniques

Methods used by auditors to obtain audit evidence.

Inspection

Examination of records, documents, and tangible assets.

Observation

Witnessing a process or procedure performed by others.

Enquiry

Seeking information from the right persons.

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Confirmation

Obtaining confirmation of balances from third parties.

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Computation

Checking the arithmetical accuracy of recorded transactions.

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Analytical Review

Studying accounting ratios and trends for analysis.

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Audit Procedures

Steps taken by the auditor to gather audit evidence.

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Compliance Procedures

Steps taken by auditors to evaluate internal controls' existence and effectiveness.

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Substantive Procedures

Steps taken to gather evidence about transactions, assets, and liabilities to ensure accuracy and validity.

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Vouching

Process of verifying each transaction by examining supporting documents.

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Test Check

Selecting and examining a sample from a large set of similar transactions.

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Ledger Scrutiny

The detailed examination of ledger accounts to confirm records’ accuracy.

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Casting Checking

Process of checking totals in accounting for accuracy.

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Verification of Assets and Liabilities

Confirming the existence and correctness of assets and liabilities reported in financial statements.

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Extraordinary Transactions

Transactions that are out of the ordinary and not suitable for test-checking.

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Test Checking

A sampling method where only some transactions are audited instead of all.

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Errors and Frauds Undetected

The risk that failures during audit may leave some mistakes or fraudulent activities unnoticed.

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Reliability of Audit

The trustworthiness of audit results, which can be questioned with test-checking due to incomplete review.

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Personal Judgement in Selection

The auditor's choice of transactions for audit, which can lead to missing critical errors.

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Weak Internal Control System

A situation in a company where procedures to prevent errors or fraud are insufficient.

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Prompting Errors and Frauds

The risk that revealing test checking details may encourage dishonest behavior from staff.

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Classify and Stratify Transactions

Organizing transactions into categories for effective audit sampling.

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Study Systems and Procedures

Understanding the processes behind transactions helps auditors assess risks and controls.

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Interval Sampling

Sampling method where every nth item is selected from a population.

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Sampling Interval

The fixed distance between selected items in interval sampling.

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Haphazard Selection

Sampling method with no specific plan or intention in item selection.

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Biased Selection

Choosing items based on subjective preferences rather than randomly.

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Analysis of Errors

Evaluating and identifying errors in the sample items during the audit.

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Qualitative Aspects of Errors

Factors relating to the nature and impact of identified errors.

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Alternative Procedure

A different method used by auditors to obtain sufficient evidence when needed.

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Audit Objectives

Specific goals that guide the auditor's evaluation processes.

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Internal Control System

A framework to regulate and monitor company operations to ensure compliance and efficiency.

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Auditor's Responsibility

The auditor must assess the effectiveness of a company's internal control system.

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Human Error

Mistakes made by employees that can undermine internal controls.

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Unusual Transactions

Transactions that deviate from normal patterns and may bypass controls.

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Fraud Prevention Failure

Internal controls may be ineffective against collusion among employees.

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Cost-Benefit Ratio

The cost of implementing controls can exceed the benefits received from them.

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Management Manipulation

Fraud committed by management can bypass controls designed to prevent it.

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Cash Memo Process

A procedure in retail where sales transactions are documented in quadruplicate for control.

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Under-reliance Risk

Risk of under-reliance leading to unnecessary additional work in an audit.

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Over-reliance Risk

Risk of over-reliance causing undetected errors and fraud in audits.

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Tolerable Error

Maximum error accepted in an audit before concluding audit objectives are met.

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Sample Size

Number of items selected for audit testing, influenced by risk level.

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Expected Error

Anticipated error in the population that affects sample size determination.

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Control Risk

Risk that the auditor’s controls are ineffective and allow errors.

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Study Notes

Auditing Techniques & Internal Audit Introduction

  • Auditing techniques involve methods auditors use to gather audit evidence.
  • Inspection examines records, documents, and tangible assets, assessing authenticity and legitimacy of transactions.
  • Observation involves witnessing procedures performed by others, like stocktaking.
  • Inquiry involves seeking information from client personnel or external parties like banks and customers.
  • Confirmation involves obtaining confirmations of balances from bankers, customers, suppliers, etc.
  • Computation checks the arithmetical accuracy of recorded transactions, especially in computerized systems.
  • Analytical review involves analysis of accounting ratios (e.g., gross profit, stock turnover) and trend analysis to identify unusual transactions and analyze account details.

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