Audiology Exam Strategies

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Questions and Answers

During acoustic reflex decay testing, abnormal decay is indicated by the amplitude of the reflex decreasing by at least what fraction initially?

  • One-fourth
  • One-half (correct)
  • Two-thirds
  • Three-fourths

An adult patient with no dexterity issues has normal hearing through 750 Hz with a steeply sloping, moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss. Which hearing aid fitting is most appropriate?

  • BTE with open dome (correct)
  • BTE with full shell mold and small vent
  • CIC with medium vent
  • Full shell with small vent

What cognitive process is primarily required to condense lengthy questions into concise statements, according to the text?

  • Focusing (correct)
  • Abstracting
  • Cluing
  • Comparing

Which cognitive process involves interpreting data, extrapolating relationships, and drawing clinical conclusions?

<p>Abstracting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An audiologist completes an evaluation for a patient with recent hearing loss in one ear. Results show moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear and normal hearing in the left. Word recognition is 24% in the right and 100% in the left. What is the audiologist's appropriate next step?

<p>Refer the patient to a physician (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is recommended for negative stem questions, such as those containing the words not, least, or except?

<p>Use the true/false strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the phrase 'most likely' appears in Praxis-style audiology questions?

<p>Two or more plausible options (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does 'critiquing' a potential multiple choice answer entail?

<p>Determining relevance and evaluating negative attributes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive operation is most closely related to assessing the quality, degree, or relevance of different answer options?

<p>Comparing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive operation involves selecting a course of action and making a diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment recommendation?

<p>Creating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the strategy where several fitting or true multiple-choice answer options are combined, and the most inclusive or general option is chosen?

<p>Fusing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are most effective strategies for intelligent guessing on audiology exams?

<p>True/False Strategy, Avoiding Extremes, Avoiding Opposites, Avoiding Absurd Answers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a way a test-taker can best use the preview strategy?

<p>Preview answer options that are one word or short phrase only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended when encountering a question that you know nothing about?

<p>Use the same letter for every guess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 48-year-old male has been referred for an audiological evaluation by his physician. The patient is experiencing hearing loss with vertigo and nystagmus. Medical history indicates that he has recently experienced head trauma resulting in a longitudinal fracture of the temporal bone. Which of the following would be the expected audiological finding?

<p>Conductive hearing loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is the most appropriate candidate for a cochlear implant?

<p>A 3-year-old boy who has acquired a profound bilateral hearing loss following a case of meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pure-tone audiogram of a 38-year-old female diagnosed with bilateral otosclerosis exhibits a 40 dB air-bone gap. Which of the following will probably reflect the acoustic immittance results?

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What is required for Praxis-style questions, beyond recalling course knowledge?

<p>Active use of logic and cognitive processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of test-taking strategies, what does 'focusing' primarily involve?

<p>Summarizing wordy questions into concise statements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action exemplifies 'assuming the mindset of the question writer' when answering ethics and values questions?

<p>Selecting the most widely accepted response even if it contradicts personal experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the recommended strategy, what should be done with answer options when using the true/false method for negative stem questions?

<p>Options that are factual should be marked with 'T', and those that are incorrect with 'F'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a question includes the phrase 'most likely', what does this typically indicate about the answer options?

<p>Several options are plausible, requiring prioritization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial to continue working until the last minute when utilizing the single-letter guessing strategy?

<p>To maximize the probability that some answers will be correct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the human pinna oriented?

<p>Lateral to the tympanic membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH balance of cerumen?

<p>Cerumen maintains a pH balance around 6.1, which creates a toxic environment for most insects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical landmark isn't part of the description of landmarks that define the boundaries of the middle ear?

<p>Lateral wall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply vascularization to the middle ear?

<p>Internal and external carotid arteries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the action of the basilar membrane during condensation/compression?

<p>Moves inwardly, pushing the stapes into the oval window, forcing downward motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides fine tuning as well as nonlinearity in the cochlea?

<p>Metabolic function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is provided by the labyrinthine artery?

<p>Blood the cochlea. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the human cranial nerves represents tonotopic fibers? This information represents the high-frequency information while the inmost represents the low frequencies.

<p>CN VIII. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The auditory nuclei and the superior olivary complex project to the [blank] inferior colliculus.

<p>Ipsilateral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ossicles suspended for free mobility in the center defines what ear?

<p>Middle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Frequency

Number of cycles that occur during a specified amount of time.

Auditory Pathway

How sounds travel to the Central Auditory System

Amplitude

Maximun displacement of molecules, perceived as loudness.

Cycle

One complete Wavelengths or periods.

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Phase cancellation

Occurs due to standing waves in soundbooths

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Microphone

Converts acoustic energy to electrical signals

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Lateral lemniscus (L/LL)

A large, nonobligatory fiber tract along the CANS.

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Cochlear Nucleus (CN)

The first obligatory synapse of the ascending CANS.

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Inferior colliculus (I/IC)

First area with time duration-sensitive neurons.

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Auditory Cortex (A)

Final stop for auditory signals.

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Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (SSCD)

Deterioration of the bony labyrinth covering the superior SCC.

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Dix-Hallpike Test

A test to find underlying cause of balance disorder

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Vestibular System

One of the three systems that maintains balance.

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Labyrinthine Artery

Arises from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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Crista Ampullaris

Sensory organ contained in the SCCs.

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Three Semicircular Canals

Superior, posterior & horizontal semicircular canals

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Basilar membrane

Isotopically organized, high f = base, low f = apex.

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Bony labyrinth

Composed of 3 endosseous compartments

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Otolith Organs

The utricle and the saccula

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Vestibular Nuclei

In the central location and helps organize VOR activation

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Intersural Attenuation

Test ear AC threshold - non test ear AC threshold

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40 dB

Interaural Attenuation for air phones

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Speech Reception Threshold

The intensity at which is identified 50% of the rime

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Stiffness

High frequencies of the basilar membrane

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Mass loading

Low frequencies of the basilar membrane

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Impedancemismatch

This is about 33 dB

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The loudness balance

To describe tinnitus better

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Low frequency

Used to predict scores after ci implantation

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To test hearing threshold

The OAE value

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Daily listening check

Used to make sure no error with hearing

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Outer volume decreases

What would happen at an increase in cerumen

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Ultra high frequency

This can help with early detection

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ethics

To make sure there not an ethics problem

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Speech evaluation

An evaluation to see speech

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Study Notes

Test-Taking Strategies for Audiology Exams

  • The Praxis and comprehensive audiology exams require active use of logic, cognitive processes, critical thinking, and application of academic knowledge, not just verbatim recall.
  • A planned approach and proven strategies are essential for success in the time-limited, multiple-choice format.
  • Reasoning skills, guessing strategies, and a recommended test-taking procedure are key elements for successful performance.

Understanding the Question

  • Focusing requires awareness of what the question is asking, implying specific information is needed, and what information is relevant to the answer.
  • Wordy questions should be summarized into concise statements for better understanding.
  • Abstracting involves interpreting data, extrapolating relationships, drawing conclusions, and making clinical judgments using knowledge and application of principles.
  • Abstracting also requires knowledge of diagnostic/treatment principles and reading visual data like charts, graphs, and audiograms.
  • Ethical clinical decisions are often required, reflecting values like lawfulness, fairness, patient rights, professional decorum, and scientific method.
  • Knowledge of the ASHA Code of Ethics is crucial for answering ethics questions.
  • Recognising and assuming the mindset of the question writer is key selecting the most sociially acceptable response.
  • For negative stem questions (using "not," "least," "except"), the true/false strategy is most effective to avoid temporary cognitive shifts.

Strategies for the Praxis

  • Mark options as true (T) or false (F) to visually indicate the correct answer choice.
  • Semantically extreme words (e.g., "no," "nothing," "never," "always," "only") often signal an incorrect option.
  • In numerical sequences, avoid the lowest and highest values.
  • Using inherent knowledge together with this strategy is always advisable.
  • Key words like best, most, least, primary, and preferred offer clues related to the type of answer, or ranking
  • An active, rather than passive mindset is necessary, avoid overthinking, and maintain a comfortable pace.
  • Guessing is encouraged rather than leaving blanc, and use a consistent letter for random guessing.
  • Preview strategy to save time with lengthy questions and single- or short-phrase answer options.
  • For running out of time a single-letter strategy is effective only when several questions remain.

Combatting Test Anxiety

  • Test anxiety involves that unsettling, unpleasant, discomforting feeling experienced in anticipation of or during an exam.
  • Extremely elevated levels of anxiety can cause distress and ineffective coping strategies to diminish performance
  • Adopt an attitude of confidence, and begin preparation well in advance
  • Relax the night before, do warm-up exercises, and avoid drugs and other stimulants
  • Write down mnemonic devices and memory joggers on scratch paper to combat memory blocks
  • Take brief relaxation breaks to refresh brain cells
  • Use anxiety to your advantage; the adrenaline boost from a little anxiety can be beneficial to performance.

Pacing Yourself

  • Establish a rapid, yet comfortable and efficient pace for the first several questions
  • After 15-minutes, check the number of questions completed, aim for slightly more than minutes lapsed
  • Hasten speed for short verbatim recall questions if target isn't met.

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