Attitudes Towards Age Groups in Filipino Society
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Questions and Answers

During which stage of life is maximum productivity associated in the Filipino context?

  • Young adulthood through early middle adulthood (correct)
  • Childhood
  • Late adulthood
  • Adolescence

    • Attitudes towards individuals in less favourable roles remain sympathetic.

    False

    What are the three conditions under which change is likely to occur?

    Help and guidance, treatment by significant people, strong motivation from the individual.

    The __________ law states that development spreads over the body from head to foot.

    <p>Cephalocaudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental laws with their descriptions:

    <p>Cephalocaudal Law = Development spreads from head to foot Proximodistal Law = Development spreads from the center outward to the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor commonly affects an individual's attitude toward developmental changes?

    <p>Personal experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals, including identical twins, are biologically and genetically identical.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Habits and patterns established during the early years determine how successful individuals will adjust to life as they grow __________.

    <p>older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a correlational study?

    <p>Finding positive or negative relationships between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A longitudinal study allows researchers to study different individuals at the same point in time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of longitudinal studies?

    <p>Time-consuming and expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Oral Stage in Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, the independent variable is controlled by the __________.

    <p>experimenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research designs with their descriptions:

    <p>Longitudinal Study = Studies the same individuals over time Cross-sectional Study = Compares different individuals at one point in time Correlational Study = Examines the relationship between variables Experimental Study = Tests cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, immediate satisfaction of a child's needs is always achievable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major benefit of a cross-sectional study?

    <p>It is less time-consuming than longitudinal studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fixation refer to in Freud's theory?

    <p>Fixation refers to a portion of an individual's libido being permanently invested in a particular psychosexual stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's theory, the ________ stage occurs during early infancy to 18 months of life.

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Findings from laboratory experiments are always generalizable to real-world settings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Erikson's theory of personality development?

    <p>The interaction between the individual and society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erikson's psychosocial theory consists of five stages of development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a correlational study suggest regarding causal relationships?

    <p>It suggests hypotheses about causal relationships but cannot establish them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might lead to fixation at a particular psychosexual stage?

    <p>Frustration or overindulgence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Frustration = Inability to satisfy needs Overindulgence = Excessive satisfaction of needs Libido = Psychic energy associated with pleasure Errogenous zones = Pleasure areas in each psychosexual stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the necessary balance between opposing emotions at each stage of development according to Erikson?

    <p>Psychological crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stage of _____ vs. _____ occurs during early infancy.

    <p>Trust, Mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Errogenous zones are unrelated to Freud's psychosexual stages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time period does the Oral Stage cover?

    <p>Early infancy to the first 18 months of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychosocial stages of development with their corresponding potential problem:

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust = Helplessness after birth Autonomy vs. Shame = Ability to make decisions Initiative vs. Guilt = Initiating activities Intimacy vs. Isolation = Developing relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a child unsuccessfully resolves a psychosocial conflict?

    <p>They develop negative traits that hinder future problem solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epigenetic principle suggests that personality development is entirely random.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson, what is achieved when a stage is managed well?

    <p>Virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observational method involves creating special conditions to elicit specific behaviors?

    <p>Structured Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Time Sampling is focused on the quality of behavior rather than the quantity exhibited.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using event sampling in observational studies?

    <p>It is independent of the subject’s ability or willingness to report on given matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Method involves comparing data from two or more societies.

    <p>Cross Cultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the Cross Cultural Method?

    <p>Researchers may lack detailed knowledge about individual societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following observational techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Time Sampling = Counts behaviors in systematic intervals Event Sampling = Records time spent on specific behaviors Cross Cultural Method = Compares data across different societies Structured Observation = Creates conditions to elicit behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the Father of Filipino Psychology?

    <p>Virgilio Enriquez</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous research methods were proposed as unsuitable for understanding Filipino perspectives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attitudes Toward Age Groups

    • Maximum productivity is noted in young to early middle adulthood in Filipinos, leading to positive attitudes toward this age group.
    • Role changes significantly influence attitudes toward individuals of varying ages; less favorable roles lead to decreased sympathy.
    • Personal experiences impact individuals' views on developmental changes, particularly in the context of decreasing authority as middle-aged executives approach retirement.

    Significance of Early Development

    • Early years are crucial in shaping attitudes, behaviors, and adjustment to later life.
    • Change is likely if:
      • Individuals receive help and guidance.
      • Significant others treat individuals differently.
      • There is strong personal motivation for change.

    Maturation and Learning

    • Personal maturation and learning are critical aspects of development.
    • Development follows predictable patterns, such as:
      • Cephalocaudal Law: growth from head to foot.
      • Proximodistal Law: growth from central body axis to extremities.

    Individual Differences

    • Biological and genetic individuality among people, including identical twins.
    • Deductive reasoning involves applying general principles to specific situations.

    Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory

    • Focuses on pleasure-seeking behaviors linked to different body areas at various developmental stages.
    • Conflict between a child's needs for pleasure and parental restrictions is a key focus.
    • Concepts include:
      • Frustration vs. Overindulgence can lead to fixation at certain psychosexual stages.
      • Erogenous zones are pleasure-sensitive areas during development.

    Psychosocial Stages by Erik Erikson

    • Development involves resolving conflicts between personal needs and societal demands.
    • Success at each stage fosters healthy social traits for tackling subsequent challenges.
    • Basic principles include:
      • Epigenetic Principle: predetermined personality development across eight stages.
      • Psychological crises: opposing emotions encountered at each stage.
      • Virtue is achieved through successful navigation of developmental challenges.

    Trust vs. Mistrust Stage

    • Occurs during early infancy (birth to 1 year) with feeding as a pivotal event.
    • Successful navigation results in a sense of trust.

    Research Methods in Developmental Psychology

    • Correlational studies identify relationships between variables but cannot establish cause and effect.
    • Experiments determine causal relationships through controlled observations.

    Developmental Research Designs

    • Longitudinal studies track the same individuals over time to observe changes.
      • Advantages: reveals age-related change, avoids cohort effects.
      • Disadvantages: time-consuming and potential biases.
    • Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one point in time.

    Observational Techniques

    • Structured observation involves designing conditions to elicit specific behaviors.
    • Techniques include:
      • Time Sampling: counting behaviors at regular intervals.
      • Event Sampling: focusing on specific behaviors during episodes.

    Cross-Cultural Method

    • Involves comparing data from multiple societies, emphasizing cultural contexts.

    Indigenous Research Method

    • Standard Western research methodologies may not effectively capture Filipino perspectives.
    • Virgilio Enriquez advocates for indigenous research approaches to better understand local thoughts and behaviors.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the attitudes towards different age groups in the Filipino context, focusing on young adulthood and early middle adulthood. It examines how personal experiences and role changes influence social attitudes towards various ages. Test your understanding of these dynamics and their impact on societal perceptions.

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