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What is the term for a reduction in an organ's size due to a decrease in stress, nutrients, or blood supply?
What is the term for a reduction in an organ's size due to a decrease in stress, nutrients, or blood supply?
Atrophy
What is the process called when a decrease in cell number occurs in atrophy?
What is the process called when a decrease in cell number occurs in atrophy?
A decrease in the size and number of cells is not a characteristic of atrophy.
A decrease in the size and number of cells is not a characteristic of atrophy.
False
What is the term for the process of a cell changing its type in response to stress?
What is the term for the process of a cell changing its type in response to stress?
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Metaplastic cells are typically less able to handle new stress.
Metaplastic cells are typically less able to handle new stress.
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Give a classic example of metaplasia.
Give a classic example of metaplasia.
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What is the term for an increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells?
What is the term for an increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells?
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Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells and can only occur in tissues that contain labile cells.
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells and can only occur in tissues that contain labile cells.
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Study Notes
Atrophy
- A decrease in stress (e.g., decreased hormonal stimulation, disuse, or decreased nutrients/blood supply) leads to a decrease in organ size (atrophy).
- Occurs via a decrease in the size and number of cells
- Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis.
- Decrease in cell size occurs via ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of the cytoskeleton and autophagy of cellular components.
- In ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton are "tagged" with ubiquitin and destroyed by proteasomes.
- Autophagy of cellular components involves generation of autophagic vacuoles.
- These vacuoles fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes breakdown cellular components.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of atrophy, focusing on the physiological processes that lead to a decrease in organ size. It covers mechanisms such as apoptosis, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, and autophagy. Test your understanding of how these processes affect cell size and number.
