Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for a reduction in an organ's size due to a decrease in stress, nutrients, or blood supply?
What is the term for a reduction in an organ's size due to a decrease in stress, nutrients, or blood supply?
Atrophy
What is the process called when a decrease in cell number occurs in atrophy?
What is the process called when a decrease in cell number occurs in atrophy?
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Necrosis
- Apoptosis (correct)
A decrease in the size and number of cells is not a characteristic of atrophy.
A decrease in the size and number of cells is not a characteristic of atrophy.
False (B)
What is the term for the process of a cell changing its type in response to stress?
What is the term for the process of a cell changing its type in response to stress?
Metaplastic cells are typically less able to handle new stress.
Metaplastic cells are typically less able to handle new stress.
Give a classic example of metaplasia.
Give a classic example of metaplasia.
What is the term for an increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells?
What is the term for an increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells?
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells and can only occur in tissues that contain labile cells.
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells and can only occur in tissues that contain labile cells.
Flashcards
What is atrophy?
What is atrophy?
A decrease in organ size due to a decrease in the size and number of cells.
What is a key mechanism of atrophy?
What is a key mechanism of atrophy?
A decrease in cell size, often involving degradation of cellular components.
What is ubiquitin-proteosome degradation?
What is ubiquitin-proteosome degradation?
A cellular process involving the tagging of proteins for breakdown by proteasomes.
What is autophagy?
What is autophagy?
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What is metaplasia?
What is metaplasia?
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What type of epithelium lines the normal esophagus?
What type of epithelium lines the normal esophagus?
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What type of epithelium lines the esophagus after metaplasia?
What type of epithelium lines the esophagus after metaplasia?
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Can metaplasia be reversed?
Can metaplasia be reversed?
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What can happen if metaplasia in the esophagus persists?
What can happen if metaplasia in the esophagus persists?
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What is an example of metaplasia that is not associated with increased cancer risk?
What is an example of metaplasia that is not associated with increased cancer risk?
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What is keratomalacia?
What is keratomalacia?
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What is myositis ossificans?
What is myositis ossificans?
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What is dysplasia?
What is dysplasia?
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What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?
What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?
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Where can dysplasia arise from?
Where can dysplasia arise from?
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What is aplasia?
What is aplasia?
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What is hypoplasia?
What is hypoplasia?
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What is unilateral renal agenesis?
What is unilateral renal agenesis?
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What is streak ovary in Turner syndrome?
What is streak ovary in Turner syndrome?
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What causes atrophy?
What causes atrophy?
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How is cell number reduced during atrophy?
How is cell number reduced during atrophy?
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What is the mechanism of cell size reduction in atrophy?
What is the mechanism of cell size reduction in atrophy?
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What is hypertrophy?
What is hypertrophy?
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What is hyperplasia?
What is hyperplasia?
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Are hypertrophy and hyperplasia related?
Are hypertrophy and hyperplasia related?
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What is an example of permanent tissue?
What is an example of permanent tissue?
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What triggers growth adaptations?
What triggers growth adaptations?
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What are the two main types of growth adaptations?
What are the two main types of growth adaptations?
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What is the key feature of hypertrophy?
What is the key feature of hypertrophy?
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What is the key feature of hyperplasia?
What is the key feature of hyperplasia?
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Study Notes
Atrophy
- A decrease in stress (e.g., decreased hormonal stimulation, disuse, or decreased nutrients/blood supply) leads to a decrease in organ size (atrophy).
- Occurs via a decrease in the size and number of cells
- Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis.
- Decrease in cell size occurs via ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of the cytoskeleton and autophagy of cellular components.
- In ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton are "tagged" with ubiquitin and destroyed by proteasomes.
- Autophagy of cellular components involves generation of autophagic vacuoles.
- These vacuoles fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes breakdown cellular components.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of atrophy, focusing on the physiological processes that lead to a decrease in organ size. It covers mechanisms such as apoptosis, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, and autophagy. Test your understanding of how these processes affect cell size and number.
