30 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of aortic stenosis?
Systolic crescendo decrescendo ejection murmur
What is the clinical association of aortic stenosis known as 'pulses parvus at tardis'?
Weak and delayed carotid upstroke
What symptoms might patients with aortic stenosis experience?
Syncope and angina
Which valve abnormality is usually associated with aortic regurgitation?
Aortic valve stenosis
When does aortic stenosis murmur occur in the cardiac cycle?
Between S1 and S2
Which of the following is true about heart sounds?
Heart sounds can be detected visually and acoustically.
What is the purpose of discussing normal heart sounds before abnormal heart sounds?
To provide a baseline for detecting abnormalities
Which heart sound occurs during the isovolumetric contraction phase?
S1
What does the S1 heart sound indicate about the cardiac cycle?
The beginning of systole
Which of the following is a high yield topic related to heart sounds and murmurs?
Aortic stenosis
Which type of splitting is associated with a left to right shunt?
Fixed splitting
What is the main characteristic of paradoxical splitting?
The aortic sound occurs before the pulmonic sound
Which type of splitting is associated with pulmonic stenosis?
Wide splitting
What happens to the timing of the pulmonic sound when a person with aortic stenosis takes a deep breath in?
The pulmonic sound occurs earlier
What mnemonic can be used to remember the different types of splitting?
Wiper first aid pal
During inhalation, what happens to the right ventricle filling and ejection time?
They increase
What is the net effect of decreased intrathoracic pressure during inhalation?
Increased blood flow to the right ventricle
What is the normal splitting of the second heart sound (S2) caused by?
Increased blood flow over the pulmonic valve
What causes wide splitting of the second heart sound (S2)?
Pulmonary stenosis
What is the classic example of fixed splitting of the second heart sound (S2)?
Atrial septal defect
Which of the following conditions can cause fixed splitting of S2?
Atrial septal defect
What is the main cause of paradoxical splitting of S2?
Left bundle branch block
During inhalation, what happens to the blood flow in the right ventricle of a patient with an atrial septal defect?
It remains the same
Which component of S2 occurs first in paradoxical splitting?
P2
What happens to the closure of the aortic valve in aortic stenosis during inhalation?
It is delayed
Which valves are responsible for the S1 heart sound?
Mitral and tricuspid valves
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the S2 heart sound occur?
Isovolumetric relaxation phase
What is the significance of the S1 and S2 heart sounds in determining the phase of the cardiac cycle?
S1 indicates systole, while S2 indicates diastole
What causes the wide splitting of the S2 heart sound?
Pulmonic stenosis
What is the significance of wide splitting of the S2 heart sound?
It can be a sign of pulmonic stenosis or right bundle branch block
Test your knowledge on the effects of atrial septal defects and left to right shunts on right ventricular filling and pulmonary circulation.
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