Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in the cell?
What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in the cell?
- They catalyze protein synthesis
- They act as energy carriers through redox reactions (correct)
- They regulate cell division
- They store genetic information
Why are NADH and FADH2 considered energetic molecules?
Why are NADH and FADH2 considered energetic molecules?
- Because they contain a large number of phosphate groups
- Because they have high ATP content
- Because they have high reduction potential and carry low-energy electrons
- Because they have low reduction potential and carry high-energy electrons (correct)
In glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are invested initially for each molecule of glucose?
In glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are invested initially for each molecule of glucose?
- 6 ATP molecules
- 8 ATP molecules
- 2 ATP molecules (correct)
- 4 ATP molecules
During the 'pay off phase' of glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are released per glyceraldehyde molecule?
During the 'pay off phase' of glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are released per glyceraldehyde molecule?
What is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose that follows the glycolytic pathway?
What is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose that follows the glycolytic pathway?
Why is the priming phase of glycolysis named as such?
Why is the priming phase of glycolysis named as such?
What is the primary function of the coenzyme FAD in cellular metabolism?
What is the primary function of the coenzyme FAD in cellular metabolism?
In response to the need for ribose-5-phosphate, how does the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway change?
In response to the need for ribose-5-phosphate, how does the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway change?
What is the advantage of glycogen's branched structure?
What is the advantage of glycogen's branched structure?
Which enzymes are involved in glycogen degradation?
Which enzymes are involved in glycogen degradation?
What activates glycogen phosphorylase?
What activates glycogen phosphorylase?
How does phosphorylation affect the activity of glycogen phosphorylase?
How does phosphorylation affect the activity of glycogen phosphorylase?
What is the primary purpose of the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis?
What is the primary purpose of the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis?
How does glycolysis utilize the chemical coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions to generate ATP?
How does glycolysis utilize the chemical coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions to generate ATP?
Which products of glycolysis are reduced molecules that the cell can oxidize to recover free energy?
Which products of glycolysis are reduced molecules that the cell can oxidize to recover free energy?
What are the three possible fates of pyruvate?
What are the three possible fates of pyruvate?
In which type of fermentation is pyruvate converted into lactate?
In which type of fermentation is pyruvate converted into lactate?
What is the role of TPP in glycolysis?
What is the role of TPP in glycolysis?
What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in anaerobic degradation?
What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in anaerobic degradation?
Which process has a higher production rate, anaerobic or aerobic degradation of glucose?
Which process has a higher production rate, anaerobic or aerobic degradation of glucose?
What are the potential control points in glycolysis?
What are the potential control points in glycolysis?
What are the allosteric inhibitors of PFK-1?
What are the allosteric inhibitors of PFK-1?
How is PFK-1 activity regulated by phosphorylation?
How is PFK-1 activity regulated by phosphorylation?
Why is ATP not an effective allosteric regulator of enzyme activity?
Why is ATP not an effective allosteric regulator of enzyme activity?
What is the metabolic advantage of a substrate cycle?
What is the metabolic advantage of a substrate cycle?
How does fructose enter the glycolytic pathway?
How does fructose enter the glycolytic pathway?
What is the net equation for the pentose phosphate pathway?
What is the net equation for the pentose phosphate pathway?
Summarize the reactions of each stage of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Summarize the reactions of each stage of the pentose phosphate pathway.
How do the transketolase and transaldolase reactions differ?
How do the transketolase and transaldolase reactions differ?
What is the free energy source for glycogen synthesis?
What is the free energy source for glycogen synthesis?
Describe the role of glycogenin.
Describe the role of glycogenin.
Summarize the effects of AMP and G6P on glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
Summarize the effects of AMP and G6P on glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
Summarize the effects of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
Summarize the effects of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
Why does a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system allow more sensitive regulation of a metabolic process than a simple allosteric system?
Why does a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system allow more sensitive regulation of a metabolic process than a simple allosteric system?
How does regulation of glycogen metabolism differ between liver and muscle?
How does regulation of glycogen metabolism differ between liver and muscle?
Summarize the effects of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine on glycogen metabolism.
Summarize the effects of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine on glycogen metabolism.
What are the intracellular effects of cAMP and Ca2+?
What are the intracellular effects of cAMP and Ca2+?
What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis?
What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis?
What role do fatty acids play in gluconeogenesis?
What role do fatty acids play in gluconeogenesis?
Which reactions are not shared with glycolysis?
Which reactions are not shared with glycolysis?
Why is the malate–aspartate shuttle system important for gluconeogenesis?
Why is the malate–aspartate shuttle system important for gluconeogenesis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in glycolysis?
During glycolysis, what is the role of phosphoglycerate kinase?
During glycolysis, what is the role of phosphoglycerate kinase?
Why does triose phosphate isomerase achieve the designation of being catalytically perfect?
Why does triose phosphate isomerase achieve the designation of being catalytically perfect?
What type of catalytic mechanism involves the transfer of a proton between an enzyme and the substrate, altering the substrate's reactivity?
What type of catalytic mechanism involves the transfer of a proton between an enzyme and the substrate, altering the substrate's reactivity?
Which compound with high phosphate group-transfer potential is synthesized during glycolysis and yields ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation?
Which compound with high phosphate group-transfer potential is synthesized during glycolysis and yields ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation?
What is the role of NADH generation during glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH generation during glycolysis?
Which enzyme requires the cofactor NAD+ for its oxidation reaction in glycolysis?
Which enzyme requires the cofactor NAD+ for its oxidation reaction in glycolysis?
What is the chemical logic behind converting glucose to fructose before aldolase splits the sugar in two during glycolysis?
What is the chemical logic behind converting glucose to fructose before aldolase splits the sugar in two during glycolysis?
What is the role of metal-ion catalysis in glycolytic enzymes?
What is the role of metal-ion catalysis in glycolytic enzymes?
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