Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic feature of atopic individuals in terms of eosinophils and IgE levels?
What is the characteristic feature of atopic individuals in terms of eosinophils and IgE levels?
What are the conditions that favor the production of IgE antibodies according to the text?
What are the conditions that favor the production of IgE antibodies according to the text?
What triggers class switching to IgE in activated, antigen-specific B cells?
What triggers class switching to IgE in activated, antigen-specific B cells?
What type of substances drive type I hypersensitivity responses according to the text?
What type of substances drive type I hypersensitivity responses according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic feature of a late-phase reaction following mast cell activation by an allergen?
What is the characteristic feature of a late-phase reaction following mast cell activation by an allergen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is triggered by chemokines, cytokines, and leukotrienes synthesized by mast cells?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is triggered by chemokines, cytokines, and leukotrienes synthesized by mast cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in non-allergic individuals exposed to environmental antigens that drive type I responses?
What is the primary role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in non-allergic individuals exposed to environmental antigens that drive type I responses?
Signup and view all the answers
In individuals with a predisposition towards allergies, what immune responses are driven by environmental antigens?
In individuals with a predisposition towards allergies, what immune responses are driven by environmental antigens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary trigger for allergic asthma?
What is the primary trigger for allergic asthma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hypersensitivity response is characterized by raised, itchy swellings on the skin?
Which type of hypersensitivity response is characterized by raised, itchy swellings on the skin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the hallmark feature of chronic asthma?
What is the hallmark feature of chronic asthma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition results from prolonged allergic responses in the skin characterized by chronic inflammation and itching skin rash?
Which condition results from prolonged allergic responses in the skin characterized by chronic inflammation and itching skin rash?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor antagonism is responsible for the sedation caused by antihistamines?
Which receptor antagonism is responsible for the sedation caused by antihistamines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential adverse effect of antihistamines in children, as mentioned in the text?
What is a potential adverse effect of antihistamines in children, as mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which generation of antihistamines is more likely to cause CNS penetration due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier?
Which generation of antihistamines is more likely to cause CNS penetration due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom relief is specifically mentioned as an additional use of diphenhydramine?
What symptom relief is specifically mentioned as an additional use of diphenhydramine?
Signup and view all the answers
Compared to 1st generation antihistamines, what is a distinguishing feature of 2nd generation antihistamines?
Compared to 1st generation antihistamines, what is a distinguishing feature of 2nd generation antihistamines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for loratadine and cetirizine to have less sedation and adverse effects compared to diphenhydramine?
What is the primary reason for loratadine and cetirizine to have less sedation and adverse effects compared to diphenhydramine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antihistamine is excreted primarily in the feces, inhibits absorption with fruit juices, and has minimal hepatic metabolism?
Which antihistamine is excreted primarily in the feces, inhibits absorption with fruit juices, and has minimal hepatic metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does levocetirizine have a high bioavailability compared to fexofenadine?
Why does levocetirizine have a high bioavailability compared to fexofenadine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antihistamine has the highest bioavailability and is distributed in all tissues including the CNS?
Which antihistamine has the highest bioavailability and is distributed in all tissues including the CNS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference in the metabolism of loratadine compared to cetirizine and fexofenadine?
What is the primary difference in the metabolism of loratadine compared to cetirizine and fexofenadine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor is blocked by some antihistamine drugs causing dry mouth and constipation?
Which receptor is blocked by some antihistamine drugs causing dry mouth and constipation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier?
Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant difference in mechanism of action between fexofenadine and diphenhydramine?
What is a significant difference in mechanism of action between fexofenadine and diphenhydramine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antihistamine is least likely to interact adversely with fruit juices?
Which antihistamine is least likely to interact adversely with fruit juices?
Signup and view all the answers
In anaphylaxis treatment with epinephrine, which antihistamine may be used as an adjunctive therapy?
In anaphylaxis treatment with epinephrine, which antihistamine may be used as an adjunctive therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
