Atoms Overview and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What primarily determines the identity of an element?

  • The number of protons in the nucleus (correct)
  • The total mass of the atom
  • The number of neutrons in the nucleus
  • The arrangement of electrons in the cloud

What is the charge of a neutron?

  • Variable charge depending on conditions
  • No charge (0e) (correct)
  • Positive charge (+1e)
  • Negative charge (-1e)

Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Electrons and neutrons
  • Protons and electrons
  • Protons and neutrons (correct)
  • Neutrons and positrons

What is the typical mass of a proton?

<p>Approximately 1 amu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do neutrons play in the atomic structure?

<p>Stabilize the nucleus by reducing repulsion among protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an atom's identity and its position on the periodic table?

<p>Atomic Number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

<p>They are variants of an element that differ in neutron number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons?

<p>It becomes a negatively charged ion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes electrons?

<p>They are negatively charged and play a key role in chemical bonding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus known as?

<p>Mass Number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cation?

<p>An atom that has lost electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do calcium ions play a crucial role in?

<p>Muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic model was proposed by Niels Bohr?

<p>Electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding protons, neutrons, and electrons important in biology?

<p>They define chemical properties crucial for life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic model was supported by Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment?

<p>Nuclear model of the atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following subatomic particles with their correct properties:

<p>Proton = Positively charged particle in the nucleus Neutron = Neutral particle in the nucleus Electron = Negatively charged particle in electron cloud Nucleus = Central core of the atom containing protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following particle symbols with their corresponding particles:

<p>p⁺ = Proton n⁰ = Neutron e⁻ = Electron nucleus = Central region of an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the corresponding particles:

<p>Proton = Determines the element's identity Neutron = Stabilizes the nucleus Electron = Occupies the majority of atomic volume Nucleus = Accounts for almost all atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atomic properties with the correct particles:

<p>Proton = Charge: +1e Neutron = Charge: 0e Electron = Charge: -1e Atomic mass unit = Mass of both protons and neutrons is ~1 amu</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles with the appropriate particles:

<p>Proton = Defines the atomic number Neutron = Contributes to atomic mass Electron = Involved in chemical bonding Nucleus = Contains protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protons are negatively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus of an atom accounts for almost all of the atom's volume.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each proton carries a charge of +2e.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom with 6 protons is identified as carbon.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atom size

Atoms are extremely small, typically between 0.1 and 0.5 nanometers in diameter.

Subatomic particles

Particles smaller than an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Electrically neutral atom

An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net zero charge.

Atomic nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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Electron cloud

The region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found.

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Proton charge

Protons have a positive charge (+1e).

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Proton mass

Protons have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

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Proton's role in atomic number

The number of protons defines an element (e.g., 6 protons = carbon).

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Neutron charge

Neutrons have no charge (0e).

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Neutron mass

Neutrons have a mass similar to protons (approximately 1 amu).

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Neutron's role in atom

Neutrons contribute to the atom's mass and help stabilize the nucleus.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; unique to each element

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Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Isotopes

Variants of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Radioactive Decay

A process where an unstable atom changes into a different element by emitting particles and energy.

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Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus in electron clouds or orbitals.

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Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in an atom.

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Ion

An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to gaining or losing electrons.

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Neutron

Neutral subatomic particle found in the atom's nucleus.

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Proton

Positively charged subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus.

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Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

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Atom Size

Typically between 0.1 and 0.5 nanometers in diameter

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Subatomic Particles

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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Electrically Neutral Atom

Same number of protons and electrons, no overall charge.

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Atomic Nucleus

Central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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Proton Charge

Positive (+1e)

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Proton Mass

Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

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Proton's Role

Defines the element; determines atomic number

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Neutron Charge

Neutral (0e)

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Neutron Mass

Almost equal to proton mass (1 amu).

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Neutron's Role

Adds to atomic mass ; stabilizes nucleus.

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Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom; unique to each element

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Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom

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Atom size

Atoms are very small, typically between 0.1 and 0.5 nanometers in diameter.

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Subatomic Particles

Particles smaller than an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Proton

Positively charged particle found in the atom's nucleus.

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Proton charge

Protons have a positive charge (+1e).

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Proton mass

1 atomic mass unit (amu).

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Proton's role in atom

Determines the element (e.g., 6 protons = carbon).

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Neutron

Neutral (no charge) particle in the nucleus.

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Neutron charge

Neutrons have no charge (0e).

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Neutron mass

About 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

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Neutron's role in an atom

Contributes to atomic mass and stabilizes the nucleus.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom; unique to each element.

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Study Notes

Atoms: Basic Overview

  • Atoms are extremely small, typically 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers in diameter.
  • Atoms contain subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • Atoms are electrically neutral; the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms have a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons.
  • Electrons surround the nucleus in an electron cloud.
  • The nucleus is dense, containing most of the atom's mass.
  • The electron cloud occupies most of the atom's volume.

Protons

  • Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus.
  • The number of protons defines an element.
  • Charge: +1e
  • Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
  • Symbol: p⁺

Neutrons

  • Neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus.
  • They help stabilize the nucleus, reducing proton repulsion.
  • Charge: 0e
  • Mass: Very similar to a proton (approximately 1 amu).
  • Symbol: n⁰

Electrons

  • Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
  • They play a key role in chemical bonding.
  • Charge: -1e
  • Mass: Approximately 1/1836th the mass of a proton or neutron.
  • Symbol: e⁻

Atomic Number and Mass Number

  • Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
    • Defines the element.
    • Positions the element on the periodic table.
  • Mass Number (A): Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
    • Distinguishes isotopes of an element.

Isotopes

  • Isotopes are variations of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • Some isotopes are stable, others are radioactive.

Ions

  • Ions are atoms or molecules with a net electrical charge (gained or lost electrons).
    • Cations: Positively charged.
    • Anions: Negatively charged.

Biological Significance

  • Protons, neutrons, and electrons are essential in biological processes.
  • Hydrogen bonds, formed by protons, are crucial for biological molecules (DNA, proteins).
  • Isotopes are used in biological research and medicine (radiocarbon dating, PET scans).
  • Ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻) are vital for biological functions (nerve impulses, muscle contraction).

History of Atomic Theory

  • Early theories (like Democritus) proposed indivisible atoms.
  • Dalton's atomic theory emerged later.
  • Thomson's "plum pudding" model was a precursor to the nuclear model.
  • Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the nuclear model.
  • Bohr's model refined the idea of electron orbits.
  • Chadwick's discovery of the neutron completed the basic picture.
  • Quantum mechanics provides a modern understanding of atomic structure.

Atomic Number and Mass Number: Details

  • Atomic number (Z): The number of protons in an atom, defining the element.
  • Mass number (A): The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
    • Used to distinguish isotopes.
    • Helps determine the number of neutrons.
    • Can affect nuclear stability.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of atoms, including their structure and the role of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. This quiz covers key characteristics and functions of each particle within the atom, enhancing your understanding of atomic theory.

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