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Questions and Answers
What does the subscript in a chemical formula indicate?
What does the subscript in a chemical formula indicate?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polymer?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polymer?
How do mixtures differ from compounds?
How do mixtures differ from compounds?
What is the molecular formula of water?
What is the molecular formula of water?
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Which of the following best defines pure substances?
Which of the following best defines pure substances?
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Which of these compounds is a molecular compound?
Which of these compounds is a molecular compound?
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Identify the statement that correctly relates polymers and their formation.
Identify the statement that correctly relates polymers and their formation.
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What are diatomic molecules?
What are diatomic molecules?
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What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
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Which statement describes a compound?
Which statement describes a compound?
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Which of the following is an example of a molecular compound?
Which of the following is an example of a molecular compound?
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How does a molecular element differ from a molecular compound?
How does a molecular element differ from a molecular compound?
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What best describes a polymer?
What best describes a polymer?
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Which of the following correctly defines a mixture?
Which of the following correctly defines a mixture?
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In terms of chemical representation, which of the following is true?
In terms of chemical representation, which of the following is true?
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Which of the following does not represent a pure substance?
Which of the following does not represent a pure substance?
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Study Notes
Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds
- Atoms bond together to form molecules and compounds.
- Molecules are groups of two or more atoms bonded together.
- Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements bond together.
- Chemical formulas represent elements and compounds. Mixtures cannot be represented.
Learning Intentions
- Molecules consist of atoms bonded together.
- Compounds are molecules made of different elements.
- Elements and compounds have chemical formulas, unlike mixtures.
Success Criteria
- Define and provide examples of molecules, compounds, bonded atoms, molecular elements, molecular compounds and polymers.
- Explain differences between elements, molecules, compounds, and mixtures.
Glossary of Terms
- Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded together (e.g., water).
- Molecular element: A molecule with two or more atoms of the same element (e.g., oxygen).
- Compound: A substance with two or more different types of atoms bonded (e.g., water).
- Molecular compound: A molecule containing two or more different types of atoms (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- Mixture: A substance composed of two or more pure substances not chemically bonded.
- Polymer: A long-chain molecule formed by the joining of many repeating smaller molecules (monomers).
- Pure substance: Substance that contains only one type of substance (e.g., a single element or compound).
Periodic Table
- Elements are organized and presented in the Periodic Table.
- The table organizes elements based on their properties.
Molecule vs Compound
- A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together.
- A compound is a specific type of molecule, made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.
Two Groups of Molecules
- Molecular element: A molecule which contains two or more atoms of the same element bonded together.
- Molecular compound: A molecule that contains two or more atoms of different elements bonded together.
Molecular Elements
- Oxygen is an example of a molecular element.
- An oxygen molecule consists of two oxygen atoms joined together.
- Pure oxygen gas consists of many molecules, all alike.
- "Oxygen" can refer to either the element or the molecule.
- Check how the name is used to determine the specific meaning.
Molecular Compounds
- Molecules in compounds contain atoms from different elements.
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a molecular compound with one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
- Water (H₂O) is a molecular compound. A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Polymers
- Some compounds are individual molecules (e.g., water and carbon dioxide).
- Other compounds are long chains of atoms, called polymers (e.g., plastics, starch, proteins).
- Repeating groups of atoms form chains in polymers, like beads on a necklace.
Numbers in Chemical Formulas
- The small numbers in chemical formulas (subscripts) denote the number of atoms of each element.
- Chemical formulas show what elements make up the molecule and how many of each atom there are in a molecule.
- Water (H₂O) contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Pure Substances
- Elements and compounds can be pure substances, meaning all particles are identical.
- Pure water (H₂O) contains many water molecules identical to each other.
Molecular Compounds vs Mixtures
- When sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) is mixed with water (H₂O), two different compounds are mixed.
- The compounds are not chemically bonded because they can easily be separated.
- Mixtures cannot be described by chemical formulas.
Summary of Elements and Molecules
| One Type of Atom | More Than One Type of Atom | |
|---|---|---|
| One Atom | Monatomic element, e.g., He | Cannot exist |
| More Than One Atom | Molecular element, e.g., O₂ | Molecular compound, e.g. H₂O |
Remember and Understand
- Identify elements that exist as molecules (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen).
- Compare and contrast similar and different properties between molecules and compounds.
- Explain differences amongst various terms (atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, diatomic, monatomic, molecule, polymers, lattices).
- Analyze diagrams to distinguish between mixtures of compounds, mixtures of elements and pure elements.
- Identify the elements in ammonia (NH₃) and their quantities in each molecule.
- Evaluate a statement about elements and molecules.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of atoms, molecules, and compounds. This quiz will cover definitions, examples, and the differences between elements, molecules, compounds, and mixtures. Understand how these components interact and their representation through chemical formulas.
