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Questions and Answers
Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment demonstrated that the atom's mass is concentrated at the center.
Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment demonstrated that the atom's mass is concentrated at the center.
True (A)
Which of the following models of the atom was proposed by J.J. Thomson?
Which of the following models of the atom was proposed by J.J. Thomson?
- Bohr model
- Quantum mechanical model
- Plum pudding model (correct)
- Nuclear model
What are the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom?
What are the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Match the following scientists with their contributions to the understanding of atomic structure:
Match the following scientists with their contributions to the understanding of atomic structure:
Which of the following statements is TRUE about compounds?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about compounds?
What did Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment reveal about the atom's structure?
What did Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment reveal about the atom's structure?
Niels Bohr's model of the atom proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances.
Niels Bohr's model of the atom proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances.
Niels Bohr's model suggested that electrons exist in ______ energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
Niels Bohr's model suggested that electrons exist in ______ energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
Which subatomic particle has a relative charge of +1?
Which subatomic particle has a relative charge of +1?
Electrons are located within the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are located within the nucleus of an atom.
What is the name of the scientist who proposed the model of the atom where electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?
What is the name of the scientist who proposed the model of the atom where electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?
What is the name of the experiment that provided evidence for the existence of the nucleus?
What is the name of the experiment that provided evidence for the existence of the nucleus?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Bohr's model of the atom?
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of Bohr's model of the atom?
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
The relative mass of a neutron is approximately ______.
The relative mass of a neutron is approximately ______.
Match the scientist with their contribution to the understanding of the atom.
Match the scientist with their contribution to the understanding of the atom.
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a specific energy level is determined by the relative charge of the electrons.
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a specific energy level is determined by the relative charge of the electrons.
What is the term used to describe the specific distances from the nucleus at which electrons are found in Bohr's model?
What is the term used to describe the specific distances from the nucleus at which electrons are found in Bohr's model?
Which property of the atom was NOT determined by Rutherford's scattering experiment?
Which property of the atom was NOT determined by Rutherford's scattering experiment?
The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment were positively charged.
The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment were positively charged.
Bohr's atomic model was supported by ______ observations.
Bohr's atomic model was supported by ______ observations.
What is the name of the model of the atom that was developed by J.J. Thomson?
What is the name of the model of the atom that was developed by J.J. Thomson?
Which of these was NOT a major contribution of Niels Bohr's model of the atom?
Which of these was NOT a major contribution of Niels Bohr's model of the atom?
The subatomic particle with the smallest relative mass is the ______.
The subatomic particle with the smallest relative mass is the ______.
What is the atomic number of an element determined by?
What is the atomic number of an element determined by?
Which of the following statements about the atom is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about the atom is FALSE?
The mass number of an element is equal to the number of electrons in the atom.
The mass number of an element is equal to the number of electrons in the atom.
Which method is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
Which method is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?
What is the name of the positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom?
What is the name of the positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom?
Word equations show the exact number of atoms involved in a chemical reaction.
Word equations show the exact number of atoms involved in a chemical reaction.
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, indicating that the atom is mostly ______.
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, indicating that the atom is mostly ______.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What is the name of the method used to separate a solvent from a solution by heating and then cooling the vapor?
What is the name of the method used to separate a solvent from a solution by heating and then cooling the vapor?
Symbol equations use ______ to represent the reactants and products.
Symbol equations use ______ to represent the reactants and products.
Match the following methods with their primary application:
Match the following methods with their primary application:
Flashcards
Plum Pudding Model
Plum Pudding Model
An early atomic model proposing electrons are embedded in a positive 'soup'.
Discovery of Electrons
Discovery of Electrons
Identified small negatively charged particles within atoms.
Nuclear Model
Nuclear Model
Describes the atom with a central positive nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Protons
Protons
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Neutrons
Neutrons
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Electron Shells
Electron Shells
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Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions
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Reactants and Products
Reactants and Products
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Conservation of Mass
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Filtration
Filtration
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Crystallisation
Crystallisation
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Symbol Equations
Symbol Equations
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Bohr's Model
Bohr's Model
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Fixed Shells
Fixed Shells
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Max Electrons per Shell
Max Electrons per Shell
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Relative Charge of Particles
Relative Charge of Particles
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Relative Mass of Electrons
Relative Mass of Electrons
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Experimental Support
Experimental Support
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Electron Orbital
Electron Orbital
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Discovery Year
Discovery Year
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Electron
Electron
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Atomic Model Development
Atomic Model Development
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James Chadwick
James Chadwick
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Rutherford Scattering Experiment
Rutherford Scattering Experiment
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Alpha Particles
Alpha Particles
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Charge of Proton
Charge of Proton
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Charge of Electron
Charge of Electron
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Gold Foil Experiment
Gold Foil Experiment
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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
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Mass Number
Mass Number
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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Electron Count
Electron Count
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Deflection of Alpha Particles
Deflection of Alpha Particles
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Mixtures
Mixtures
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Study Notes
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
- Atoms are the smallest parts of an element that can exist. They have a radius of about 0.1 nanometers and are neutral.
- Elements are substances containing only one type of atom. They are represented by symbols like O, Na, Br.
- Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements combine chemically. Compounds can only be separated into elements using chemical reactions.
- Compounds are composed of two or more elements.
- Atoms are made up of a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells.
The Development of the Atomic Model
- Early models depicted atoms as solid spheres.
- J.J. Thomson's experiments discovered electrons, leading to the "plum pudding" model where electrons are embedded in a positive sphere.
- Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
- Bohr's model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels.
- Chadwick's work provided evidence for the existence of neutrons.
Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons have a positive charge; neutrons have no charge; electrons have a negative charge.
- The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
- The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- The periodic table organizes elements by atomic number, showing trends in properties.
Mixtures and Methods of Separation
- Mixtures contain two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined.
- Mixtures can be separated by physical processes such as filtration, distillation, crystallization, and chromatography. These include separating an insoluble solid from a liquid, separating a solid from a solution, separating a solvent from a solution, separating a mixture of liquids, and separating substances that move at different rates through a medium.
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve energy changes, reactants turn into products.
- Word equations use names of substances, while symbol equations use chemical formulas to represent reactants and products.
- Conservation of Mass: Total mass of reactants = total mass of products
Periodic Table Details
- Alkali metals are highly reactive metals on the left side of the table, forming +1 ions.
- Halogens (Group 7) are reactive nonmetals, forming -1 ions.
- Noble gases in Group 0 are unreactive, with full outer electron shells.
- Elements with similar properties are grouped together.
- Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons).
Relative Atomic Mass
- A calculation that takes into account the abundance of isotopes of an element. Expressed as an average of the isotopes based on their abundance.
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