Atoms and the Periodic Table Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

A friend claims there are atoms in his brain that were once in the brain of Albert Einstein. Is your friend's claim likely correct or nonsense?

True

How many protons are in an iron atom, Fe (atomic number 26)?

26

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

Mass number is the count of nucleons; atomic mass is a measure of total mass in atomic mass units.

Which are larger: atoms of cesium, Cs (atomic number 55), or atoms of radon, Rn (atomic number 86)?

<p>Atoms of cesium are larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the fact that copper, silver, and gold have similar properties reflected in the periodic table?

<p>They are all in the same group (group 11).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are atoms invisible?

<p>Atoms are smaller than the wavelengths of visible light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do the illustrations a basketball coach uses represent a physical model or a conceptual model?

<p>Conceptual model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might you deduce the elemental composition of a star?

<p>By using a spectroscope to study its spectral patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which has more energy: a photon of red light or a photon of infrared light?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the Bohr model of the atom a physical model?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must an electron be doing in order to have wave properties?

<p>It must be moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic mass?

<p>The average mass of an element's atoms based on isotopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic nucleus?

<p>The dense, positively charged center of every atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atomic number?

<p>A count of the number of protons in the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atomic spectrum?

<p>The pattern of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atomic symbol?

<p>The abbreviation for an element or atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conceptual model?

<p>A representation of a system that helps us predict its behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electron?

<p>An extremely small, negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

<p>Any material made up of only one type of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group in the periodic table?

<p>A vertical column, also known as a family of elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are isotopes?

<p>Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a neutron?

<p>An electrically neutral subatomic particle of the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleon?

<p>Any subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a period in the periodic table?

<p>A horizontal row.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are older: the atoms in the body of an elderly person or atoms in the body of a baby?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a proton is added to each germanium nucleus?

<p>It becomes arsenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why aren't the atomic masses given in the periodic table whole numbers?

<p>Because they are average atomic masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass?

<p>99 amu; technetium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate atomic mass of an element with 80.0% of atoms at 80.00 amu and 20.0% at 82.00 amu?

<p>80.4 amu</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the following atoms in order of increasing atomic size: thallium, TI; germanium, Ge; tin, Sn; phosphorus, P.

<p>P &gt; Ge &gt; Sn &gt; TI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has chemical properties most similar to chlorine (Cl, atomic number 17)?

<p>Br</p> Signup and view all the answers

Would you use a physical model or conceptual model to describe the following: the brain, the mind, the solar system, the beginning of the universe?

<p>Physical, Conceptual, Physical, Conceptual</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for discrete energy values?

<p>Electrons reinforce at only particular frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?

<p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between atomic number and mass number.

<p>Atomic number is the number of protons; mass number is the total of protons and neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.

<p>Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons; atomic mass measures total mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are most elements metallic?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many periods are in the periodic table? How many groups?

<p>7 periods; 18 groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a spectroscope do to the light coming from an atom?

<p>Reveals the color and displays distinct frequency patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes an atom to emit light?

<p>Atoms emit light when they undergo energy changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you show that the atomic mass of lithium is 6.941 amu?

<p>Using Li-7 and Li-6 mass calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rank the atoms helium, aluminum, and argon from smallest to largest in terms of size.

<p>Helium, Argon, Aluminum</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has 43 protons, what is its name?

<p>Technetium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why aren't the atomic masses listed in the periodic table whole numbers?

<p>They average the isotopic variety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons?

<p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atoms and Periodic Table Overview

  • Atoms in our bodies can be traced back to historical figures, like Albert Einstein, indicating that atoms are recycled through living organisms.
  • Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26, meaning it contains 26 protons.
  • Mass number counts total nucleons (protons + neutrons), while atomic mass represents the weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.

Atomic Size and Structure

  • In a periodic table period, elements further left, like cesium (Cs), are larger than those to the right, like radon (Rn).
  • Copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) are grouped together in group 11, reflecting their similar properties as valuable metals.
  • Individual atoms cannot be seen because they are smaller than visible light wavelengths.

Models of Understanding

  • Coaches use conceptual models, like game sketches, to explain complex systems, hoping to predict outcomes.
  • The Bohr model of the atom serves as a conceptual model, illustrating atomic behavior rather than physical dimensions.

Properties and Behaviors of Electrons

  • To exhibit wave properties, an electron must be in motion, which is significant in atomic behavior.
  • Electrons move at high speeds, around 2 million m/s, enhancing their wave-like characteristics.

Atomic Measurements

  • Atomic mass is listed as an average based on isotope abundance.
  • The atomic nucleus is dense and positively charged, composed of protons and neutrons.
  • Atomic number signifies the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Isotopes and Elements

  • Isotopes are variations of an element with the same proton count but differing neutron numbers.
  • Atomic spectra function as an element's "fingerprint," revealing unique spectral patterns of emitted radiation.

Periodic Table Insights

  • The periodic table consists of 7 periods (rows) and 18 groups (columns).
  • Elements are generally more metallic, with the majority falling under this classification.

Light and Energy Emission

  • Atoms emit light when they transition between energy levels, causing them to lose or gain energy.
  • Spectroscopes analyze light emissions from atoms, enabling the identification of elemental colors and distinct frequency patterns.

Miscellaneous Concepts

  • Elements such as chlorine (Cl) share similar properties with bromine (Br), indicating their placement in the periodic table.
  • The wave model of electrons accounts for their discrete energy levels when confined.
  • Atomic masses in the periodic table are not whole numbers due to averaging isotopes' masses.
  • Technology like scanning probe microscopes generates atomic images through computer simulations rather than direct photography.

Age of Atoms

  • Atoms in a baby and an elderly person are the same age, collectively older than the solar system itself.

Understanding Compositions

  • Average atomic mass calculations can demonstrate fluctuations in isotopic abundance, illustrated through calculations for lithium isotopes.

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Explore the essential concepts of atoms and the periodic table with these flashcards. Learn fascinating facts, including how atoms from historical figures like Albert Einstein exist in all of us. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of chemistry.

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