Questions and Answers
A friend claims there are atoms in his brain that were once in the brain of Albert Einstein. Is your friend's claim likely correct or nonsense?
True
How many protons are in an iron atom, Fe (atomic number 26)?
26
Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.
Mass number is the count of nucleons; atomic mass is a measure of total mass in atomic mass units.
Which are larger: atoms of cesium, Cs (atomic number 55), or atoms of radon, Rn (atomic number 86)?
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How is the fact that copper, silver, and gold have similar properties reflected in the periodic table?
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Why are atoms invisible?
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Do the illustrations a basketball coach uses represent a physical model or a conceptual model?
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How might you deduce the elemental composition of a star?
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Which has more energy: a photon of red light or a photon of infrared light?
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Is the Bohr model of the atom a physical model?
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What must an electron be doing in order to have wave properties?
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What is atomic mass?
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What is the atomic nucleus?
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What is an atomic number?
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What is an atomic spectrum?
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What is an atomic symbol?
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What is a conceptual model?
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What is an electron?
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What is an element?
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What is a group in the periodic table?
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What are isotopes?
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What is a neutron?
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What is a nucleon?
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What is a period in the periodic table?
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Which are older: the atoms in the body of an elderly person or atoms in the body of a baby?
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What happens if a proton is added to each germanium nucleus?
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Why aren't the atomic masses given in the periodic table whole numbers?
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If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass?
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What is the approximate atomic mass of an element with 80.0% of atoms at 80.00 amu and 20.0% at 82.00 amu?
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List the following atoms in order of increasing atomic size: thallium, TI; germanium, Ge; tin, Sn; phosphorus, P.
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Which element has chemical properties most similar to chlorine (Cl, atomic number 17)?
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Would you use a physical model or conceptual model to describe the following: the brain, the mind, the solar system, the beginning of the universe?
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How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for discrete energy values?
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How many electrons are in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?
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Distinguish between atomic number and mass number.
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Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.
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Are most elements metallic?
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How many periods are in the periodic table? How many groups?
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What does a spectroscope do to the light coming from an atom?
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What causes an atom to emit light?
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How can you show that the atomic mass of lithium is 6.941 amu?
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Rank the atoms helium, aluminum, and argon from smallest to largest in terms of size.
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If an atom has 43 protons, what is its name?
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Why aren't the atomic masses listed in the periodic table whole numbers?
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Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons?
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Study Notes
Atoms and Periodic Table Overview
- Atoms in our bodies can be traced back to historical figures, like Albert Einstein, indicating that atoms are recycled through living organisms.
- Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26, meaning it contains 26 protons.
- Mass number counts total nucleons (protons + neutrons), while atomic mass represents the weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.
Atomic Size and Structure
- In a periodic table period, elements further left, like cesium (Cs), are larger than those to the right, like radon (Rn).
- Copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) are grouped together in group 11, reflecting their similar properties as valuable metals.
- Individual atoms cannot be seen because they are smaller than visible light wavelengths.
Models of Understanding
- Coaches use conceptual models, like game sketches, to explain complex systems, hoping to predict outcomes.
- The Bohr model of the atom serves as a conceptual model, illustrating atomic behavior rather than physical dimensions.
Properties and Behaviors of Electrons
- To exhibit wave properties, an electron must be in motion, which is significant in atomic behavior.
- Electrons move at high speeds, around 2 million m/s, enhancing their wave-like characteristics.
Atomic Measurements
- Atomic mass is listed as an average based on isotope abundance.
- The atomic nucleus is dense and positively charged, composed of protons and neutrons.
- Atomic number signifies the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes and Elements
- Isotopes are variations of an element with the same proton count but differing neutron numbers.
- Atomic spectra function as an element's "fingerprint," revealing unique spectral patterns of emitted radiation.
Periodic Table Insights
- The periodic table consists of 7 periods (rows) and 18 groups (columns).
- Elements are generally more metallic, with the majority falling under this classification.
Light and Energy Emission
- Atoms emit light when they transition between energy levels, causing them to lose or gain energy.
- Spectroscopes analyze light emissions from atoms, enabling the identification of elemental colors and distinct frequency patterns.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- Elements such as chlorine (Cl) share similar properties with bromine (Br), indicating their placement in the periodic table.
- The wave model of electrons accounts for their discrete energy levels when confined.
- Atomic masses in the periodic table are not whole numbers due to averaging isotopes' masses.
- Technology like scanning probe microscopes generates atomic images through computer simulations rather than direct photography.
Age of Atoms
- Atoms in a baby and an elderly person are the same age, collectively older than the solar system itself.
Understanding Compositions
- Average atomic mass calculations can demonstrate fluctuations in isotopic abundance, illustrated through calculations for lithium isotopes.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of atoms and the periodic table with these flashcards. Learn fascinating facts, including how atoms from historical figures like Albert Einstein exist in all of us. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of chemistry.
