Atomic Structure Topper Assignment 01

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Questions and Answers

What is the value of Planck's constant?

6.63 × 10–34 Js

What is the velocity of light?

3.0 × 10^8 ms–1

If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then uncertainty in velocity is?

h/m

What is the total number of atomic orbitals in the fourth energy level of an atom?

16 Signup and view all the answers

Two atoms are said to be isobars if they have the same __________.

mass number Signup and view all the answers

Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:

Python = General-purpose programming JavaScript = Client-side scripting for web applications SQL = Database queries CSS = Styling web pages Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of Planck's constant?

6.63 × 10–34 Js Signup and view all the answers

What is the velocity of light?

3.0 × 10^8 ms–1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of radiation emitted when the electron falls from n = 4 to n = 1 in a hydrogen atom?

1.03 × 10^15 s–1 Signup and view all the answers

If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then uncertainty in velocity is?

h/Δx Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence electron of rubidium atom (Z = 37)?

5, 1, 1, +1/2 Signup and view all the answers

The pair of ions having the same electronic configuration is __________.

Fe3+, Mn2+ Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quantum numbers with the information provided:

Principal quantum number = Energy and size of orbital Azimuthal quantum number = Shape of the orbital Magnetic quantum number = Orientation of the orbital Spin quantum number = Spin of electron Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements regarding isotopes:

Statement-1: All isotopes of a given element show the same type of chemical behavior. = Statement-2: The chemical properties of an atom are controlled by the number of electrons in the atom. Signup and view all the answers

Number of angular nodes for 4d orbital is __________.

2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure Concepts

Energy levels in hydrogen atoms change based on electron transitions, with lower energy transitions yielding less energetic photons.
Planck’s constant is 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ Js; velocity of light is 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, aiding in wavelength calculations through frequency.
Ionization energy for hydrogen is 2.18 × 10⁻¹⁸ J atom⁻¹, used to derive emission frequencies from electron transitions.
Uncertainty principle relates to simultaneous knowledge of position and momentum, affecting velocity calculations.
Fourth energy level contains eight atomic orbitals, with various configurations of electrons.

Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration

Quantum numbers define electron positions: principal (n), azimuthal (l), magnetic (m), and spin (s).
Electron orbitals accommodate electrons according to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, with specific configurations representing ground states.
Hydrogen spectrum emissions are influenced by electron transitions through defined series such as Lyman and Balmer.

Energy Levels and Transitions

For transitions in hydrogen, wavelengths emitted can be determined; transitions from high to low energy levels usually produce visible light.
Isobars are defined as atoms with the same mass number but differing atomic numbers.
In multi-electron atoms, subshells have varied energies due to electron-electron interactions and shielding effects.

Theories of Atomic Structure

Thomson’s model describes atoms with uniformly distributed positive charge, while Rutherford's model introduces a concentrated nucleus.
Bohr's model applies to hydrogen-like atoms, where orbital energies and associated spectra can be calculated.
Cathode rays' properties reveal information about atomic structure, demonstrating independence from electrode material and straight-line motion.

Important Principles

Hund’s Rule states that electrons fill orbitals singly before pairing.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle articulates the limitations in measuring electron position and momentum.
Electron configurations dictate chemical properties and reactivity based on the arrangement of electrons across orbitals.

Assertion Reasoning and Relationships

Statements about electrons’ behavior must differentiate between correct assertions and the rationale behind them, impacting our understanding of atomic structure.
Angular momentum quantization and node characteristics in orbitals define stability and energy arrangement within atoms.
Understanding energy levels and transitions provides insights into spectral analysis and atomic behavior in various states.

Spectroscopic Series

Series like Lyman and Balmer showcase the relationship between electron transitions and emitted wavelengths, relevant for spectroscopy.
Each series corresponds to different transitions: Lyman (n ≥ 2 to n = 1), Balmer (n ≥ 3 to n = 2), with specific wavelengths vital for understanding atomic emissions.

Quantum Mechanics Implications

The acceptance of quantum mechanics reshaped atomic theory, emphasizing electron wave-particle duality and probabilistic behavior over deterministic pathways.
Agreements and contradictions between experimental data (like Rutherford's findings) and theoretical models prompt continuous evolution in atomic and quantum theories.### Quantum Mechanics Assertions and Reasons
Maximum value of magnetic quantum number ( m ) for an electron in the third energy level is 3; the maximum value of angular momentum quantum number ( l ) for that energy level is 2.
Black body is defined as an ideal radiator/absorber of electromagnetic radiation across all frequencies, while its radiation behavior can be explained using quantum theory.
Isotopes of an element showcase similar chemical behavior due to identical electron structures, although they differ in mass.
Kinetic energy (K.E.) of two subatomic particles varies even if their de-Broglie wavelengths are the same; wavelength is inversely related to mass.
Angular momentum of an electron is quantized, meaning only specific orbits are allowed where momentum equals a natural number multiple of ( h/2\pi ).

Evaluation Options for Assertions and Reasons

Understanding the correctness of assertions and explanations can be categorized:
- Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason does not explain the assertion.
- The assertion is true, while the reason is false.
- The assertion is false, whereas the reason is true.

Key Facts Reference

For black body radiation, quantum theory offers a pivotal explanation of emission and absorption mechanics.
Isotopes maintain the same electron configuration leading to similar chemical properties despite differing neutron counts.
The relationship between mass and de-Broglie wavelength is fundamental in quantum mechanics, indicating that K.E. can differ even with similar wavelengths.
Angular momentum quantization is a core principle in atomic physics, dictating the allowed energy states for electrons.

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure concepts with this Topper Assignment quiz. It features questions related to energy levels, Bohr Theory, and photon transitions in hydrogen atoms. Perfect for mastering the fundamentals of atomic physics.