Atomic Structure Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest part of an element that retains all of the element's properties?

Compound

Subatomic particle

Atom (correct)

Molecule

Which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge?

Neutron

Ion

Electron

Proton (correct)

What is the primary feature of John Dalton's model of the atom?

Atoms can be divided into smaller parts.

All atoms of an element are identical. (correct)

Atoms do not combine to form new substances.

Atoms of different elements behave the same.

What discovery did J.J. Thomson make regarding subatomic particles?

Electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which particle is considered to have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

What did the Greek philosopher Democritus contribute to atomic theory?

The concept of atoms as indivisible particles. Signup and view all the answers

In J.J. Thomson's 'Chocolate Chip Cookie' model, how are electrons arranged?

Electrons are uniformly distributed throughout a positively charged sphere. Signup and view all the answers

Which particle carries no charge?

Neutron Signup and view all the answers

What did Rutherford propose about the structure of an atom?

The atom has a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What key prediction did Rutherford make about subatomic particles?

There could be a third type of particle in the atom. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bohr's model, how do electrons interact with orbits?

Electrons can jump between orbits, leading to changes in energy. Signup and view all the answers

What statement is true regarding the relative mass of electrons, protons, and neutrons?

Protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1 amu, while electrons have negligible mass. Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can the third orbit of an atom hold according to Bohr's model?

18 Signup and view all the answers

What is not located in the nucleus of an atom?

Electrons Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Rutherford reach about most of the atom's space?

Most of the atom is empty space. Signup and view all the answers

Who investigated and confirmed the properties of subatomic particles after Rutherford?

James Chadwick Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure - Theories

Matter is composed of atoms, the smallest unit retaining an element's properties.
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.
Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, a dense central core.
Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.
Dalton's "Billiard Ball" model (1803) envisioned indivisible atoms of identical elements.
JJ Thomson's "Chocolate Chip Cookie" model (1897) proposed a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons distributed throughout. The discovery of the electron was a result of work done with cathode ray tubes demonstrating negatively charged particles.
Rutherford's experiment (1911) with alpha particles and gold foil revealed a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the atom's center. The majority of an atom is mostly empty space.
Rutherford's model suggested a planetary model of an atom with electrons orbiting the positively charged nucleus.
Bohr's model (1913) refined Rutherford's model, proposing that electrons orbit in specific energy levels. Electrons can jump between levels, causing energy changes. Each energy level has a maximum number of electrons.
Chadwick (1932) confirmed the neutron's existence, completing the subatomic particle picture. Neutrons have a similar mass to protons. Electrons effectively have no mass. The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the combined mass of protons and neutrons.

Historical Development of Atomic Theory

Democritus (400 BCE) proposed the idea of atoms as indivisible building blocks of matter.
Contributions from various scientists (Lavoisier, etc.) refined the understanding of matter and chemical reactions leading to the modern atomic theory.

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Description

Explore the theories behind atomic structure, from Dalton's 'Billiard Ball' model to Rutherford's groundbreaking discoveries. This quiz covers the fundamental components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, along with historical models that defined our understanding of matter.