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Questions and Answers
What is the smallest part of an element that retains all of the element's properties?
What is the smallest part of an element that retains all of the element's properties?
- Compound
- Subatomic particle
- Atom (correct)
- Molecule
Which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge?
Which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge?
- Neutron
- Ion
- Electron
- Proton (correct)
What is the primary feature of John Dalton's model of the atom?
What is the primary feature of John Dalton's model of the atom?
- Atoms can be divided into smaller parts.
- All atoms of an element are identical. (correct)
- Atoms do not combine to form new substances.
- Atoms of different elements behave the same.
What discovery did J.J. Thomson make regarding subatomic particles?
What discovery did J.J. Thomson make regarding subatomic particles?
Which particle is considered to have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons?
Which particle is considered to have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons?
What did the Greek philosopher Democritus contribute to atomic theory?
What did the Greek philosopher Democritus contribute to atomic theory?
In J.J. Thomson's 'Chocolate Chip Cookie' model, how are electrons arranged?
In J.J. Thomson's 'Chocolate Chip Cookie' model, how are electrons arranged?
Which particle carries no charge?
Which particle carries no charge?
What did Rutherford propose about the structure of an atom?
What did Rutherford propose about the structure of an atom?
What key prediction did Rutherford make about subatomic particles?
What key prediction did Rutherford make about subatomic particles?
According to Bohr's model, how do electrons interact with orbits?
According to Bohr's model, how do electrons interact with orbits?
What statement is true regarding the relative mass of electrons, protons, and neutrons?
What statement is true regarding the relative mass of electrons, protons, and neutrons?
How many electrons can the third orbit of an atom hold according to Bohr's model?
How many electrons can the third orbit of an atom hold according to Bohr's model?
What is not located in the nucleus of an atom?
What is not located in the nucleus of an atom?
What conclusion did Rutherford reach about most of the atom's space?
What conclusion did Rutherford reach about most of the atom's space?
Who investigated and confirmed the properties of subatomic particles after Rutherford?
Who investigated and confirmed the properties of subatomic particles after Rutherford?
Flashcards
Atom
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
What are atoms?
What are atoms?
They are the building blocks of matter. All elements are composed of atoms.
What does an atom consist of?
What does an atom consist of?
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that still retain the element's properties.
What is a proton?
What is a proton?
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What is a neutron?
What is a neutron?
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What is an electron?
What is an electron?
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What was Dalton's atomic model?
What was Dalton's atomic model?
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What was Thompson's atomic model?
What was Thompson's atomic model?
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Rutherford's Experiment
Rutherford's Experiment
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Rutherford's Model
Rutherford's Model
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Electron
Electron
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Proton
Proton
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Neutron
Neutron
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Bohr Model
Bohr Model
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure - Theories
- Matter is composed of atoms, the smallest unit retaining an element's properties.
- Atoms are composed of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.
- Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, a dense central core.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.
- Dalton's "Billiard Ball" model (1803) envisioned indivisible atoms of identical elements.
- JJ Thomson's "Chocolate Chip Cookie" model (1897) proposed a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons distributed throughout. The discovery of the electron was a result of work done with cathode ray tubes demonstrating negatively charged particles.
- Rutherford's experiment (1911) with alpha particles and gold foil revealed a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the atom's center. The majority of an atom is mostly empty space.
- Rutherford's model suggested a planetary model of an atom with electrons orbiting the positively charged nucleus.
- Bohr's model (1913) refined Rutherford's model, proposing that electrons orbit in specific energy levels. Electrons can jump between levels, causing energy changes. Each energy level has a maximum number of electrons.
- Chadwick (1932) confirmed the neutron's existence, completing the subatomic particle picture. Neutrons have a similar mass to protons. Electrons effectively have no mass. The mass of an atom is primarily determined by the combined mass of protons and neutrons.
Historical Development of Atomic Theory
- Democritus (400 BCE) proposed the idea of atoms as indivisible building blocks of matter.
- Contributions from various scientists (Lavoisier, etc.) refined the understanding of matter and chemical reactions leading to the modern atomic theory.
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Description
Explore the theories behind atomic structure, from Dalton's 'Billiard Ball' model to Rutherford's groundbreaking discoveries. This quiz covers the fundamental components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, along with historical models that defined our understanding of matter.
