Atomic Structure Quiz for 10th Class

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Questions and Answers

What does the period number signify in the context of atomic structure?

The atomic mass of the element

The number of shells surrounding the atom (correct)

The number of electrons in the outer shell

The number of protons in the nucleus

Which statement about noble gases is true?

They are highly reactive due to their incomplete valence shells.

They have full valence shells and do not bond with other elements. (correct)

They readily bond with other elements.

They tend to lose electrons during chemical reactions.

How does metallic character change in the periodic table?

It increases diagonally upwards and to the left.

It increases diagonally downwards and to the right. (correct)

It is constant across the periods.

It decreases diagonally downward and to the right.

What characterizes atoms in the same group of the periodic table?

They have the same number of electrons in their valence shells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that a valence shell can hold?

8 electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the contribution of Rutherford to atomic theory?

He demonstrated that atoms mostly consist of empty space. Signup and view all the answers

What did Niels Bohr add to the atomic model in 1913?

Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about electrons in an atom?

Electrons occupy energy levels known as electron shells. Signup and view all the answers

How did John Dalton's atomic theory describe atoms?

Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios. Signup and view all the answers

What role do neutrons play in an atom according to Chadwick's discovery?

They prevent protons from repelling each other. Signup and view all the answers

What do we call substances consisting of only one kind of atom?

Elements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct capacity of electron shells?

2, 8, 8, 2 Signup and view all the answers

What did Democritus theorize about atoms in 400BC?

All substances are made up of indestructible particles. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a negative ion?

It has gained electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to represent the ion formed by calcium?

Ca^2+^ Signup and view all the answers

What element group includes all the alkali metals?

Group 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic mass represent?

Sum of protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is true about noble gases?

They have full valence shells. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for arranging elements into the periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev Signup and view all the answers

How did John Newlands categorize elements?

By increasing atomic weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the elements found along the zigzag line on the periodic table?

Metalloids Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when it gains electrons?

It becomes an anion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of atoms with the same atomic number?

They have identical properties. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Period Number in Atomic Structure

The period number indicates the principal energy level, also referred to as the electron shell, of an atom's outermost electrons.

Noble Gases

They are found in Group 18 of the periodic table.
They have a full outer shell of electrons, making them unreactive.

Metallic Character

Increases down a group and decreases across a period of the periodic table.
This pattern is due to the decreasing ionization energy down a group and increasing ionization energy across a period.

Atoms in the Same Group

They have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell.
This shared characteristic explains their similar chemical properties.

Maximum Electrons in Valence Shell

The maximum number of electrons that a valence shell can hold is eight, in accordance with the octet rule.

Rutherford's Contribution to Atomic Theory

He discovered the nucleus of the atom and proposed a model where negatively charged electrons orbit a positively charged center.

Bohr's Addition to the Atomic Model

He described the quantized energy levels of electrons, meaning electrons can only exist in specific energy levels.
He introduced the concept of electron orbitals, representing regions of space where electrons are likely to be found.

Electrons in an Atom

They carry a negative charge.
They are constantly moving around the nucleus, forming a cloud rather than a specific orbit.

John Dalton's Atomic Theory

He proposed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible particles.
He also described atoms as identical for a given element.

The Role of Neutrons

They are neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
They contribute to the mass of the atom but not to its charge.

Substances with One Kind of Atom

These substances are called elements.

Capacity of Electron Shells

The first shell can hold a maximum of two electrons.
The second and third shells can hold a maximum of eight electrons.

Democritus' Theory About Atoms

He proposed that matter is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles which he called atoms.

Negative Ion

An atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, creating a negative ion also known as an anion.

Calcium Ion

The correct representation is Ca²⁺.

Group of Alkali Metals

Group 1 contains all the alkali metals.

Atomic Mass

It represents the average weight of all isotopes of an element.

Key Facts About Noble Gases

They are colorless and odorless gases at room temperature.
They are extremely unreactive, due to their full outer shell of electrons.

The Person Who Arranged the Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with the arrangement of elements into the periodic table.

John Newlands' Categorization of Elements

He categorized elements based on their increasing atomic mass.
He identified patterns of repeating chemical properties every eight elements, known as the Law of Octaves.

Elements Along the Zigzag Line

They are called metalloids.
They possess properties of both metals and nonmetals, displaying semiconducting behavior.

Atom Gaining Electrons

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion, also known as an anion, due to the increased negative charge.

Atoms with the Same Atomic Number

They are classified as the same element, because the atomic number defines the number of protons in the nucleus, which is the defining characteristic of an element.

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Description

Test your knowledge on atomic structure with this quiz designed for 10th-grade students. Questions cover key contributions to atomic theory, properties of elements in the periodic table, and the characteristics of subatomic particles. Perfect for revision and understanding fundamental concepts in chemistry.