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Questions and Answers
What was the charge calculated by Robert Millikan for an electron?
What was the charge calculated by Robert Millikan for an electron?
- 1.6 x 10^-19 coulomb (correct)
- 1.76 x 10^-11 coulombs
- 1.76 x 10^11 coulombs
- 1.6 x 10^19 coulomb
Which experiment did J.J. Thomson conduct to propose the existence of electrons?
Which experiment did J.J. Thomson conduct to propose the existence of electrons?
- Oil drop experiment
- Neutron bombardment experiment
- Cathode ray experiment (correct)
- Gold foil experiment
What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom based on his gold foil experiment?
What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom based on his gold foil experiment?
- Most of the atom is empty space. (correct)
- All particles pass through the atom without interaction.
- Atoms are solid and indivisible.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus.
What was the primary reason that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles in Rutherford's experiment?
What was the primary reason that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles in Rutherford's experiment?
Which statement is true regarding the Plum Pudding model proposed by J.J. Thomson?
Which statement is true regarding the Plum Pudding model proposed by J.J. Thomson?
Who discovered the neutron and how?
Who discovered the neutron and how?
How did Millikan ionize the air in his oil drop experiment?
How did Millikan ionize the air in his oil drop experiment?
What did Rutherford call the positively charged particles he discovered?
What did Rutherford call the positively charged particles he discovered?
Who theorized that all matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms?
Who theorized that all matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms?
What did John Dalton contribute to atomic theory in 1808?
What did John Dalton contribute to atomic theory in 1808?
What was the purpose of William Crookes' experiments with cathode rays?
What was the purpose of William Crookes' experiments with cathode rays?
What did J.J. Thomson discover about cathode rays in his experiment?
What did J.J. Thomson discover about cathode rays in his experiment?
What was the main conclusion from William Crookes' paddle wheel experiment?
What was the main conclusion from William Crookes' paddle wheel experiment?
Which physicist suggested the name 'electrons' for the negatively charged particles discovered by Thomson?
Which physicist suggested the name 'electrons' for the negatively charged particles discovered by Thomson?
What happens to cathode rays when they encounter a magnetic field?
What happens to cathode rays when they encounter a magnetic field?
What is the relationship between cathode rays and the Maltese cross during Crookes' experiment?
What is the relationship between cathode rays and the Maltese cross during Crookes' experiment?
Flashcards
Atom
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Particulate nature of matter
Particulate nature of matter
The idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles.
Cathode rays
Cathode rays
Streams of negatively charged particles (electrons) emitted from the cathode of a vacuum tube.
Electron
Electron
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Dalton's atomic theory
Dalton's atomic theory
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Democritus
Democritus
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J.J. Thomson
J.J. Thomson
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Subatomic particles
Subatomic particles
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Electron charge-to-mass ratio
Electron charge-to-mass ratio
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Millikan's oil drop experiment
Millikan's oil drop experiment
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Electron charge
Electron charge
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Rutherford's gold foil experiment
Rutherford's gold foil experiment
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Atom's nucleus
Atom's nucleus
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Proton
Proton
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Plum Pudding Model
Plum Pudding Model
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
- Democritus (400 BC) theorized atoms as indivisible particles.
- John Dalton (1808) proposed an atomic theory: matter is made of atoms, atoms are indivisible, and atoms of the same element are identical.
- William Crookes (1875) studied cathode rays, discovering negatively charged particles (electrons).
- Cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles called electrons.
- J.J. Thomson (1897) discovered the electron, showing atoms are divisible. He proposed the plum pudding model of the atom.
- Robert Millikan (1909) measured the charge of an electron.
- Ernest Rutherford (1909) discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with alpha particles. Most particles passed through but some were deflected, revealing a dense, positively charged nucleus.
- James Chadwick (1932) discovered the neutron, a neutral particle in the nucleus, having approximately the same mass as a proton.
Subatomic Particles
- Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus, relative mass of 1. Relative charge +1
- Neutrons: Neutral, located in the nucleus, relative mass of 1. Relative charge 0
- Electrons: Negatively charged, located outside the nucleus, relative mass of 1/1838. Relative charge -1
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