Atomic Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the 3 main subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons.

How does the diameter of the nucleus compare to the diameter of the atom?

The larger the diameter of the nucleus, the larger the atom in both diameter and mass.

What are protons? What is their charge? Where are they located?

<p>Protons are subatomic particles of the nucleus and are positively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neutrons? What is their charge? Where are they located?

<p>Neutrons are subatomic particles of the nucleus and have no charge, they are neutral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are electrons? What is their charge? Where are they located?

<p>Electrons are subatomic particles that are negatively charged and are found in the energy levels swirling around the nucleus in an electron cloud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the mass of an electron compare to protons and neutrons?

<p>The mass of an electron is about 1,830 times smaller than protons and neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom is neutral if the number of protons and electrons are what? Why?

<p>Equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion? A positive ion? A negative ion?

<p>An ion is any atom that has a charge due to an exchange of electrons during bonding. A positive ion has more protons than electrons, whereas a negative ion has more electrons than protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many subatomic particles are in the simplest atom? What element is the simplest atom?

<p>1 proton and 1 electron; it is hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an element?

<p>It tells how many protons are in the element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of carbon? Iron?

<p>Carbon is 6; Iron is 26.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number? Why aren't electrons included in the mass number?

<p>The mass number is the combination of the mass of protons and neutrons; electrons are not included because their mass is so minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass number of sodium is 23. How many protons and neutrons does it have?

<p>Sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

3 Main Subatomic Particles

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What's in an atom's nucleus?

Protons and neutrons.

What are protons?

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus.

What are neutrons?

Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles located in the nucleus; they have no charge.

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What are electrons?

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in energy levels.

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Mass of an electron vs. protons/neutrons

Electrons are about 1,830 times smaller than protons and neutrons.

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When is an atom neutral?

An atom is neutral when the number of protons and electrons are equal.

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What is an ion?

An ion is an atom with a charge, a positive ion has more protons; a negative ion has more electrons.

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Simplest atom

The simplest atom is hydrogen, with 1 proton and 1 electron.

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Atomic Number

The atomic number tells how many protons are in an element.

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Atomic numbers of carbon and iron

Carbon has an atomic number of 6; Iron's atomic number is 26.

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Mass Number

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Electrons in Mass Number?

Electrons are excluded from the mass number calculation because their mass is negligible.

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Sodium Particle Count (Mass Number 23)

Sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons.

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Study Notes

Subatomic Structure Overview

  • Three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Nucleus Composition

  • The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, forming the dense core of an atom.

Nucleus Size Relationship

  • A larger nucleus diameter corresponds to a larger overall atom diameter and increased mass.

Protons

  • Protons are located in the nucleus, carry a positive charge, and define the atomic number of an element.

Neutrons

  • Neutrons also reside in the nucleus, possess no charge (neutral), and contribute to atomic mass alongside protons.

Electrons

  • Electrons are negatively charged particles found in energy levels surrounding the nucleus, organized in an electron cloud.

Electron Mass Comparison

  • The mass of an electron is significantly smaller than that of protons and neutrons, about 1/1830, contributing negligibly to atomic mass.

Atomic Neutrality

  • An atom is neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons, balancing positive and negative charges.

Ions

  • Ions are charged atoms, formed by the exchange of electrons.
  • Positive ions have more protons than electrons, while negative ions have more electrons than protons.

Simplest Atom

  • The simplest atom, hydrogen, contains one proton and one electron.

Atomic Number

  • The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an element, which defines the element's identity.

Specific Atomic Numbers

  • Carbon has an atomic number of 6, while iron has an atomic number of 26.

Isotopes and Mass Number

  • The mass number combines the total count of protons and neutrons, while electrons are excluded due to their minimal mass.

Sodium Example

  • Sodium has an atomic number of 11 (11 protons); with an atomic mass of 23, it has 12 neutrons (23 - 11 = 12).

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