15 Questions
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element, whereas a molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is the position of the proton in an atom, and what is its relative charge?
The proton is found in the nucleus of an atom, and its relative charge is +1.
What is the atomic number of an element, and how is it represented in the symbol of an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, and it is represented by a subscript in the symbol of an element.
What is the difference between isotopes of an element, and how is the relative atomic mass (Ar) calculated from isotopic abundances?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, and the relative atomic mass (Ar) is calculated as the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes, based on their relative abundances.
What is the relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table?
The number of electrons in the outer shell of an element determines its group number, and the number of shells determines its period number.
What is the relationship between the group number and valency of metals in the periodic table?
The group number is equal to the valency of metals.
How do you determine the valency of non-metals in the periodic table?
The valency of non-metals is equal to 8 minus the group number.
What is the difference between an acid and a base?
Acids react with metals, bases, and metal carbonates to form salts, while bases react with acids to form salts and water.
What is the purpose of the experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant?
To produce a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt.
Why does the reaction of CaCO3 with H2SO4 stop very quickly?
The reaction stops because the CaSO4 formed is insoluble and precipitates out, preventing further reaction.
What is ionic bonding in terms of electron transfer?
Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions with opposite charges, which are then attracted to each other.
Why do compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points?
Because of the strong electrostatic attractions between the ions in the lattice.
What is a covalent bond formed by?
The sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms.
What is the significance of full outer shells in noble gases?
Full outer shells make noble gases unreactive due to the extra stability associated with full outer shells.
Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution?
Because in the solid state, the ions are fixed in place, but in the molten or aqueous state, the ions are free to move and conduct electricity.
Test your knowledge on the basic concepts of atomic structure. Learn about atoms, molecules, sub-atomic particles, atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and relative atomic mass. Practice calculating the relative atomic mass of an element based on isotopic abundances.
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