Atomic Structure and Stellar Fusion

<p>The rapid neutron capture process (r-process). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen-16 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$^{243}_{96}Cm$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of electrons of the atom is the same as the frequency of spectral lines in the X-ray. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding that the number of protons in a nucleus defines the element's identity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrothermal energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preservatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active ingredient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the surface tension of water, enabling it to mix with oils and grease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Masking agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the frequency of collisions between reactant particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules, leading to more effective collisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The collisions between reactant molecules are not effective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active sites on the catalyst are becoming saturated with reactants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the limiting reactant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smaller container, because the concentration of the gaseous compound is higher. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomass Conversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent; unequal sharing of electron(s), with A having a partial negative charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermolecular forces between covalent molecules are generally weaker than ionic bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO₂ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C-H &lt; C-O &lt; C-F (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a nonpolar molecule because the individual bond dipoles cancel out. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing the temperature of the liquid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>London dispersion forces between oil molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AsH3 molecules have a partial positive charge on the As atom and partial negative charges on the H atoms, creating a net dipole moment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is polar and has partial negative charges on the oxygen atom, which attract the positive Na+ ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar substances form dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonds with water, which are stronger than the forces between nonpolar substances and water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methane &lt; Ammonia &lt; Sodium Chloride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen's highly branched structure allows for rapid release of glucose when energy is needed, making it an efficient storage form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enzyme will misfold and lose function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which stars convert lighter elements into heavier ones, primarily hydrogen into helium.

An explosive event marking the death of a star, creating heavier elements beyond iron.

The rapid neutron capture process responsible for forming elements heavier than iron during supernova explosions.

A fusion process in stars that predominantly forms helium, but not oxygen-16 or heavier elements.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determining the element's identity.

A process where targeted proton addition, enabled by atomic number knowledge, initiates new element formation.

The frequencies of X-rays emitted by elements, which relate to the number of protons and the atomic number.

Ernest Rutherford's nuclear transmutation where nitrogen nuclei reacted with alpha particles to form oxygen.

Energy produced from organic materials like plants and trees, used for heating and fuel.

Ingredients added to cleaning agents that reduce water's surface tension, helping to remove grease.

Components in cleaning products that determine efficacy for their intended purpose.

Hydrothermal relies on liquid water, whereas geothermal can use dry steam.

Stored chemical energy in batteries converted to electrical energy through redox reactions.

Water (H₂O) has a bent geometry and is polar.

A difference in electronegativity indicates a polar bond.

Covalent compounds are often liquids or gases due to weak attractions.

The N-F bond is the most polar due to high electronegativity difference.

CS₂ does not have polar covalent bonds and is nonpolar.

Hydrogen bonds are stronger than dipole-dipole forces, but weaker than covalent bonds.

Increasing temperature raises the vapor pressure of a liquid.

Dipole-dipole forces are attractions between the partial charges of polar molecules.

The order of amino acids which determines a protein's shape and function.

The minimum energy required for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

The theory stating that reaction rate is based on collision frequency between reactants.

Increasing temperature boosts reaction rates by raising collision energy.

A substance that speeds up a reaction by creating lower energy pathways without being consumed.

The reactant that is consumed first, restricting the amount of product formed.

Raising concentration of reactants generally increases reaction rate by enhancing collision frequency.

The amount of hydrogen generated from reactions, dependent on limiting reactants.

An intermolecular force involving polar molecules, like AsH3.

The force between Na+ ions and water molecules when NaCl dissolves.

Polar substances dissolve better in water due to dipole interactions.

Sodium chloride's high boiling point is due to ionic bonds.

Glycogen's branched structure enables rapid glucose release for energy.

The double-helix structure allows hydrogen bonding for genetic information storage.

Nucleotides are made of base, sugar, and phosphate, building blocks of nucleic acids.