Atomic Structure and Radioactive Decay
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Questions and Answers

What is the relative charge of a proton?

  • +1 (correct)
  • +2
  • 0
  • -1

Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?

  • In the nucleus (correct)
  • Evenly distributed throughout the atom
  • On the outer energy levels
  • In the electrons

What subatomic particle has a relative mass closest to zero?

  • Proton
  • Neutron
  • Electron (correct)
  • None of the above

Isotopes of an element have the same number of what particles?

<p>Protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle lies at different distances from the nucleus?

<p>Electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the fixed paths in which electrons exist around the nucleus?

<p>Orbitals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle subdivided the positive charge of the nucleus and has the same amount of charge as a proton?

<p>Neutron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rate at which a source of unstable nuclei undergoes radioactive decay?

<p>Activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of decay involves the emission of a helium nucleus?

<p>Alpha α (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure the rate of radioactive decay?

<p>Becquerel (Bq) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is weakly penetrating and highly ionizing?

<p>Alpha α (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the electron?

<p>Thomson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Gold Foil Experiment, what did Rutherford realize about atoms?

<p>Atoms have a positive nucleus in the center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Rutherford conclude from observing that most 𝛼 particles went straight through the gold foil?

<p>Atoms are mostly empty space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of the atom suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels?

<p>Bohr Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Plum Pudding Model suggest about the distribution of charges in an atom?

<p>Positive charges are dispersed with negative charges throughout the atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Bohr propose a model where electrons orbit the nucleus instead of collapsing into it?

<p>To align with Rutherford's observations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nuclear radiation is low ionising and highly penetrating?

<p>Gamma radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In alpha decay, what happens to the mass and charge of the nucleus?

<p>Both mass and charge decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of decay does not cause the mass or charge of the nucleus to change?

<p>Gamma decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of an isotope defined as?

<p>Time taken for half the nuclei in a sample to decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does beta decay cause in terms of the mass and charge of the nucleus?

<p>Mass decreases while charge increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 80 atoms fall to 20 over 10 minutes, what is the half-life?

<p>10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between contamination and irradiation?

<p>Contamination makes an object radioactive, while irradiation does not make the object radioactive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best describes radioactive contamination?

<p>Transfer of a radiation source to an object resulting in unwanted radioactive atoms on the object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during irradiation?

<p>The source emits radiation that reaches an object without making it radioactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hazard associated with radioactive contamination?

<p>The decaying of contaminated atoms releasing radiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines irradiation?

<p>Exposure of objects to nuclear radiation without making them radioactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to differentiate between contamination and irradiation?

<p>To properly handle and manage hazardous radioactive substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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