Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Atomic Structure

• Atomic number: Represents the number of protons within an atom of a specific element, defining its identity.
• Atomic weight: The average mass of the isotopes of an element, factoring in their relative abundance.
• Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting the atom's nucleus.
• Isotope: Atoms of the same element, possessing the same atomic number (same number of protons) but vary in the number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic weight.
• Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons combined within an atom's nucleus.
• Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle residing within the nucleus of an atom.
• Nucleus: The central core of an atom, housing both protons and neutrons.
• Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle located within the atom's nucleus.

Periodic Table Organization

• Group: A vertical column of elements in the periodic table sharing similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
• Metal: Characterized by properties like hardness, shininess, malleability (can be hammered into thin sheets), ductility (can be drawn into wires), and excellent conductivity of heat and electricity.
• Nonmetal: Exhibits contrasting properties to metals, often being soft, non-malleable, non-ductile, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Period: A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table arranged by increasing atomic number, showcasing a recurring pattern of physical and chemical properties.
• Periodic table: A structured arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, revealing a repeating pattern of physical and chemical properties.

Atomic Structure

• Atomic number defines the identity of an element.
• Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons have no charge and are found in the atom's nucleus.
• Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus.
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers.
• Atomic weight represents the average mass of an element's isotopes, considering their relative abundance.

Periodic Table

• The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number, revealing recurring patterns in their chemical and physical properties.
• Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table, indicating the number of electron shells in an atom.
• Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table, representing elements with similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

Element Classification

• Metals generally exhibit properties like hardness, shininess, malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity.
• Nonmetals are typically soft, non-malleable, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.