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Questions and Answers
What is the number of protons in an atom equal to?
What is the number of protons in an atom equal to?
- Number of neutrons
- Number of electrons (correct)
- Atomic mass
- Atomic number
Isotopes have the same atomic number and atomic mass.
Isotopes have the same atomic number and atomic mass.
False (B)
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
A cation is a positive ion, while an anion is a negative ion.
The formula mass of a compound is represented by the symbol ______________.
The formula mass of a compound is represented by the symbol ______________.
Match the following types of polymers with their characteristics:
Match the following types of polymers with their characteristics:
What is the molar volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure?
What is the molar volume of a gas at room temperature and pressure?
What is the atomic number of an atom equal to?
What is the atomic number of an atom equal to?
Isotopes have different atomic numbers.
Isotopes have different atomic numbers.
How is an ion formed?
How is an ion formed?
The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated as the weighted average of the ______________ of its isotopes.
The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated as the weighted average of the ______________ of its isotopes.
Match the following types of chemical bonds with their characteristics:
Match the following types of chemical bonds with their characteristics:
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent compounds?
What is the main difference between ionic and covalent compounds?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atomic number: number of protons in an atom
- Atomic mass: total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
- Number of protons = number of electrons
- Number of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
- Atomic structure consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Isotopes
- Isotopes: atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass
- Isotopes have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- Relative atomic mass calculation: weighted average of the atomic masses of the isotopes
Chemical Bonding
- Ion: a charged atom formed by losing or gaining electrons
- Classification of ions: cation (positive ion) and anion (negative ion)
- Ionic bond: formed between a metal and a non-metal by the transfer of electrons
- Ionic bond diagram: dot cross diagram and outer shell diagram
Covalent Bonding
- Covalent bond: formed between two non-metals by sharing electrons
- Covalent bond diagram: dot cross diagram and outer shell diagram
- Properties of covalent compounds: differ from ionic compounds
Chemical Calculations
- Relative molecular mass (Mr): sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule
- Moles: amount of substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles
- Molar mass: mass of one mole of a substance
- Molar volume: volume of one mole of a gas
- Empirical and molecular formula: different types of formulae to represent a compound
- Percentage composition by mass: calculation of the percentage of each element in a compound
Ceramics and Polymers
- Ceramics: inorganic, non-metallic materials
- Types of ceramics: earthenware, porcelain, and bone china
- Polymers: long chains of molecules formed by repeating units of monomers
- Types of polymers: natural (e.g. proteins, cellulose) and artificial (e.g. nylon, polyethylene)
- Uses and sources of polymers: varied and diverse
Atomic Structure
- Atomic number: number of protons in an atom
- Atomic mass: total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
- Number of protons = number of electrons
- Number of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
- Atomic structure consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Isotopes
- Isotopes: atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass
- Isotopes have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- Relative atomic mass calculation: weighted average of the atomic masses of the isotopes
Chemical Bonding
- Ion: a charged atom formed by losing or gaining electrons
- Classification of ions: cation (positive ion) and anion (negative ion)
- Ionic bond: formed between a metal and a non-metal by the transfer of electrons
- Ionic bond diagram: dot cross diagram and outer shell diagram
Covalent Bonding
- Covalent bond: formed between two non-metals by sharing electrons
- Covalent bond diagram: dot cross diagram and outer shell diagram
- Properties of covalent compounds: differ from ionic compounds
Chemical Calculations
- Relative molecular mass (Mr): sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule
- Moles: amount of substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles
- Molar mass: mass of one mole of a substance
- Molar volume: volume of one mole of a gas
- Empirical and molecular formula: different types of formulae to represent a compound
- Percentage composition by mass: calculation of the percentage of each element in a compound
Ceramics and Polymers
- Ceramics: inorganic, non-metallic materials
- Types of ceramics: earthenware, porcelain, and bone china
- Polymers: long chains of molecules formed by repeating units of monomers
- Types of polymers: natural (e.g. proteins, cellulose) and artificial (e.g. nylon, polyethylene)
- Uses and sources of polymers: varied and diverse
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