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Questions and Answers
What are the three main components of an atom?
What are the three main components of an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
An atom is electrically neutral if the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
An atom is electrically neutral if the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
True
What charge do protons have?
What charge do protons have?
What are ions?
What are ions?
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Which statement about electric charge is correct?
Which statement about electric charge is correct?
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What is the term used for the force that moves electrons?
What is the term used for the force that moves electrons?
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Charge is measured in ______.
Charge is measured in ______.
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What is current?
What is current?
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What is the unit for measuring current?
What is the unit for measuring current?
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Blood and nerves have more free electrons than ______, leading to better current flow.
Blood and nerves have more free electrons than ______, leading to better current flow.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- The atom, the smallest unit of matter, consists of a nucleus and electrons.
- The nucleus contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
- Electrons orbit the nucleus and carry a negative charge.
- Atoms with equal protons and electrons are electrically neutral.
- Ions occur when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.
- The electromagnetic force attracts electrons to the nucleus, while the nuclear force binds protons and neutrons together.
Ionization
- Ionization is the process of an atom or molecule gaining or losing an electron, forming an ion.
Charge
- Charge is the fundamental aspect of electromagnetic force enabling cell communication.
- It's measured in coulombs (C) or microcoulombs (μC).
- It represents the net gain or loss of electrons in an atom.
- Charge arises from external forces like friction, heat, chemical, or electrical sources.
- Key properties of charge:
- Two types: positive and negative.
- Like charges repel, opposites attract.
- Charge is conserved (neither created nor destroyed).
- Charge can be transferred between objects.
Polarity and Electric Force Fields
- In a circuit, one electrode is positive (anode) and the other negative (cathode).
- The cathode is the negative pole, while the anode is the positive pole.
Voltage
- Voltage represents the potential energy caused by the attraction/repulsion of an electric field.
- Higher force equals higher potential energy.
- Measured in volts (V) or millivolts (mV).
- Voltage is visualized by the interaction of magnets or charged bodies approaching each other.
- Also known as electromotive force, it represents the driving force for electron movement.
- In tissues, ions like sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) are the charged particles moving due to voltage.
Current
- Current refers to the movement of ions or electrons in a conductor due to voltage.
- Current flow is directly proportional to voltage.
- It represents the quantity of ions/electrons flowing at a given time.
- Measured in amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA).
Factors affecting current flow through body tissues
- Material properties: Materials with more free electrons have less resistance and better current flow (e.g., blood and nerves vs. skin and bone).
- Cross-sectional area: Larger area allows greater current flow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on atomic structure, including the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore the concepts of ionization and charge, and understand how they affect atoms and their interactions. This quiz covers key principles in chemistry and physics related to matter.
