Atomic Structure and Fundamental Particles
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Questions and Answers

Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

True (A)

An atom can be subdivided into smaller particles.

False (B)

An atom can be seen with the naked eye.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT a part of an atom?

<p>Protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of an atom?

<p>Nucleus and energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following makes up the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Protons and neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the negatively charged particles in an atom called?

<p>Electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region around the nucleus where electrons are found?

<p>Electron cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass unit (amu)?

<p>The mass of a proton (A), The mass of a neutron (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the mass number 'A'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The charge of all atoms is zero.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?

<p>Isotope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of the same element have different chemical properties.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about isotopes?

<p>They have the same atomic number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for an oxygen atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons?

<p>16O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the symbol that represents an atom?

<p>Atomic symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an atom with 17 protons?

<p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?

<p>35</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic symbol for an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons?

<p>35Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an atom with 12 protons and 12 neutrons?

<p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in an atom of chlorine (Cl) with a mass number of 35?

<p>Protons: 17, Neutrons: 18, Electrons: 17</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic symbol for an atom of chlorine (Cl) with 20 neutrons?

<p>37Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atom

The smallest particle of matter that cannot be subdivided.

Nucleus

Central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Proton

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus.

Neutron

Neutral particle located in the nucleus of the atom.

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Electron

Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.

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Atomic Number (Z)

Number of protons in an atom; identifies the element.

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Mass Number (A)

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same protons but different neutrons.

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Atomic Symbol

Representation of an atom using element symbol, atomic number, and mass number.

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Electrical Neutrality

Atoms have equal protons and electrons, resulting in no net charge.

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Atomic Mass Unit (u)

Unit used to express atomic masses, equivalent to one nucleon.

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Electron Cloud

Region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are likely found.

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Charge of the Atom

Calculates to zero when protons and electrons are equal.

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Relative Charge of Nucleus

Charge from protons in the nucleus, calculated as Z+.

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Relative Charge of Electron Cloud

Charge from electrons in the cloud, calculated as Z-.

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Nuclide

Specific isotope of an element denoted by its atomic mass and symbol.

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Density of Isotopes

Isotopes vary in density; heavier isotopes have more nucleons.

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Atomic Representation of Chlorine

Chlorine with 17 protons, 18 neutrons, symbolized as 35_17Cl.

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Charge Calculation

Charge of an atom is calculated as the sum of the nucleus and electron cloud charges.

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Nucleon

Collective term for protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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Mass of Atom

Determined mainly by the mass of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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Chemical Properties of Isotopes

Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties due to identical protons.

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Example Isotopes of Chlorine

Cl-35 and Cl-37 with relative abundances of 75% and 25% respectively.

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Atomic Composition

Indicates the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

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Coulomb (C)

Unit of electric charge used to quantify the charge of an atom.

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Determining Atomic Number

Can be deduced from the number of electrons or protons in an atom.

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Symbol for Sodium

Atomic symbol for sodium is Na with atomic number 11.

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Chemical Reactions

Isotopes can participate in the same chemical reactions because they are the same element.

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Nuclear Charge

Refers to the total positive charge in the nucleus from protons.

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Presence of Neutrons

Neutrons allow for the stability of the nucleus but do not affect charge.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure

  • Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
  • An atom is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be divided.
  • Atoms consist of a nucleus and energy levels.
  • The nucleus is the central part of the atom.
  • The energy levels (electron cloud) surrounds the nucleus.
  • The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons.
  • Protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons.
  • Negatively charged electrons occupy the energy levels.

Fundamental Particles

  • Protons (p+): Positively charged particles found in the nucleus.
  • Neutrons (n°): Neutral particles found in the nucleus.
  • Electrons (e-): Negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud.
  • The mass of protons and neutrons is approximately the same, and significantly larger than the electron mass.
  • Atomic mass unit (u): a unit used to measure the mass of atoms (1 u is approximately the mass of a proton or neutron).

Atomic Number (Z)

  • Represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
  • Uniquely identifies each element.

Mass Number (A)

  • Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
  • Also known as nucleon number.

Atomic Symbol

  • Represents an element using its symbol and mass number (X^A_Z).
  • X = element symbol
  • Z = atomic number
  • A = mass number

Isotopes

  • Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • Isotopes have identical chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons.
  • Isotopes can differ in their stability (some are radioactive).

Atomic Mass

  • Mass of an atom, largely concentrated in the nucleus due to the negligible mass of electrons.
  • Measured in atomic mass units (amu).
  • Approximately equal to the mass number.

Atomic Charge

  • Atoms are electrically neutral, meaning the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
  • The total positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the total negative charge of the electron cloud.
  • The net electrical charge of the atom is zero (q=0).

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Description

Explore the basic concepts of atomic structure and the fundamental particles that compose matter. This quiz covers topics such as the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Test your knowledge on how these particles interact within atoms and the significance of atomic mass.

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