Atomic Structure and Discoveries Quiz

Valence electrons determine the combining capacity of an atom, influencing how it interacts and bonds with other atoms.

Valency is the number of chemical bonds an atom can form, determined by how many hydrogen atoms it can bond with.

The octet rule states that atoms tend to have eight electrons in their valence shell for stability, resulting in a filled outer shell.

<p>The electronic configuration correlates with an element’s position in the periodic table, as it affects its chemical properties and reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noble gases like helium and neon have a valency of zero due to their completely filled valence shells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons determine how many bonds an atom can form, enabling the creation of compounds like H2O, NH3, and CH4 with specific bonding patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By counting the number of valence electrons, you can predict how many atoms of hydrogen or other univalent atoms the element can bond with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements with similar valence electron configurations are grouped together because they share chemical properties and reactivities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two shells are occupied in a nitrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helium has a completely filled first shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electronic configuration of sodium (atomic number 11) is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>J.J. Thomson discovered that cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles called electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugen Goldstein discovered anode rays, which established the existence of positively charged protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomson’s plum-pudding model suggests that atoms are composed of a uniform positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton's atomic theory explained the law of conservation of mass by positing that atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding electron configurations helps determine how atoms bond and interact based on their valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The octet rule signifies that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons, influencing their valency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For elements with four or fewer valence electrons, the valency is equal to the number of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If an atom has more than four valence electrons, its valency is calculated as 8 minus the number of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The valency of nitrogen is 3, as it has 5 valence electrons and requires 3 more to complete its octet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium has an electron distribution of 2 in the K shell and 8 in the L shell, with 1 valence electron in the M shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorine has an electron configuration of 2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 7 in the M shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a common valency of 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen has a valency of 2 because it has 6 valence electrons and requires 2 more to achieve a complete octet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aluminum has a valency of 3, while silicon has a valency of 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron configuration determines the number of valence electrons, which influences an element's bonding and reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers